我如何编写两个函数,如果它以指定的字符/字符串开头或以指定的字符串结尾,那么它们将接受字符串并返回?

例如:

$str = '|apples}';

echo startsWith($str, '|'); //Returns true
echo endsWith($str, '}'); //Returns true

function startsWith($haystack, $needle, $case = true) {
    if ($case) {
        return (strcmp(substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)), $needle) === 0);
    }
    return (strcasecmp(substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)), $needle) === 0);
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle, $case = true) {
    if ($case) {
        return (strcmp(substr($haystack, strlen($haystack) - strlen($needle)), $needle) === 0);
    }
    return (strcasecmp(substr($haystack, strlen($haystack) - strlen($needle)), $needle) === 0);
}

贷方:

检查字符串是否以另一个字符串结尾

检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头


PHP 8.0及更高版本

从PHP 8.0开始,您可以使用

str_starts_with手册和

str_ends_with手动

实例

echo str_starts_with($str,'|');

8.0之前的PHP

function startsWith( $haystack, $needle ) {
     $length = strlen( $needle );
     return substr( $haystack, 0, $length ) === $needle;
}
function endsWith( $haystack, $needle ) {
    $length = strlen( $needle );
    if( !$length ) {
        return true;
    }
    return substr( $haystack, -$length ) === $needle;
}

到目前为止,所有的答案似乎都做了大量不必要的工作、strlen计算、字符串分配(substr)等。“strpos”和“stripos”函数返回$haystack中$needle第一次出现的索引:

function startsWith($haystack,$needle,$case=true)
{
    if ($case)
        return strpos($haystack, $needle, 0) === 0;

    return stripos($haystack, $needle, 0) === 0;
}

function endsWith($haystack,$needle,$case=true)
{
    $expectedPosition = strlen($haystack) - strlen($needle);

    if ($case)
        return strrpos($haystack, $needle, 0) === $expectedPosition;

    return strripos($haystack, $needle, 0) === $expectedPosition;
}

上面的正则表达式函数,但上面还建议了其他调整:

 function startsWith($needle, $haystack) {
     return preg_match('/^' . preg_quote($needle, '/') . '/', $haystack);
 }

 function endsWith($needle, $haystack) {
     return preg_match('/' . preg_quote($needle, '/') . '$/', $haystack);
 }

我意识到这已经完成,但您可能需要查看strncmp,因为它允许您将字符串的长度与之进行比较,因此:

function startsWith($haystack, $needle, $case=true) {
    if ($case)
        return strncasecmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) == 0;
    else
        return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) == 0;
}    

根据詹姆斯·布莱克的回答,以下是其结尾版本:

function startsWith($haystack, $needle, $case=true) {
    if ($case)
        return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) == 0;
    else
        return strncasecmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) == 0;
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle, $case=true) {
     return startsWith(strrev($haystack),strrev($needle),$case);

}

注意:我已将if else部分替换为James Black的startsWith函数,因为strncasecmp实际上是strncmp的不区分大小写版本。


如果速度对你很重要,试试这个。(我认为这是最快的方法)

仅适用于字符串,如果$haystack只有1个字符

function startsWithChar($needle, $haystack)
{
   return ($needle === $haystack[0]);
}

function endsWithChar($needle, $haystack)
{
   return ($needle === $haystack[strlen($haystack) - 1]);
}

$str='|apples}';
echo startsWithChar('|',$str); //Returns true
echo endsWithChar('}',$str); //Returns true
echo startsWithChar('=',$str); //Returns false
echo endsWithChar('#',$str); //Returns false

还可以使用正则表达式:

function endsWith($haystack, $needle, $case=true) {
  return preg_match("/.*{$needle}$/" . (($case) ? "" : "i"), $haystack);
}

这里有一个针对PHP4的有效解决方案。如果在PHP5上使用substra_compare而不是strcasecmp(substr(…)),可以获得更快的结果。

function stringBeginsWith($haystack, $beginning, $caseInsensitivity = false)
{
    if ($caseInsensitivity)
        return strncasecmp($haystack, $beginning, strlen($beginning)) === 0;
    else
        return strncmp($haystack, $beginning, strlen($beginning)) === 0;
}

function stringEndsWith($haystack, $ending, $caseInsensitivity = false)
{
    if ($caseInsensitivity)
        return strcasecmp(substr($haystack, strlen($haystack) - strlen($ending)), $haystack) === 0;
    else
        return strpos($haystack, $ending, strlen($haystack) - strlen($ending)) !== false;
}

简短易懂的一行,没有正则表达式。

startsWith()是直接向前的。

function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
   return (strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0);
}

endsWith()使用稍微花哨且缓慢的strrev():

function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
   return (strpos(strrev($haystack), strrev($needle)) === 0);
}

2016年8月23日更新

功能

function substr_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)) === $needle;
}

function preg_match_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
    return preg_match('~' . preg_quote($needle, '~') . '~A', $haystack) > 0;
}

function substr_compare_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr_compare($haystack, $needle, 0, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}

function strpos_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
    return strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0;
}

function strncmp_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
    return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}

function strncmp_startswith2($haystack, $needle) {
    return $haystack[0] === $needle[0]
        ? strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0
        : false;
}

测验

echo 'generating tests';
for($i = 0; $i < 100000; ++$i) {
    if($i % 2500 === 0) echo '.';
    $test_cases[] = [
        random_bytes(random_int(1, 7000)),
        random_bytes(random_int(1, 3000)),
    ];
}
echo "done!\n";


$functions = ['substr_startswith', 'preg_match_startswith', 'substr_compare_startswith', 'strpos_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith2'];
$results = [];

foreach($functions as $func) {
    $start = microtime(true);
    foreach($test_cases as $tc) {
        $func(...$tc);
    }
    $results[$func] = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;
}

asort($results);

foreach($results as $func => $time) {
    echo "$func: " . number_format($time, 1) . " ms\n";
}

结果(PHP 7.0.9)

(从最快到最慢排序)

strncmp_startswith2: 40.2 ms
strncmp_startswith: 42.9 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 44.5 ms
substr_startswith: 48.4 ms
strpos_startswith: 138.7 ms
preg_match_startswith: 13,152.4 ms

结果(PHP 5.3.29)

(从最快到最慢排序)

strncmp_startswith2: 477.9 ms
strpos_startswith: 522.1 ms
strncmp_startswith: 617.1 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 706.7 ms
substr_startswith: 756.8 ms
preg_match_startswith: 10,200.0 ms

启动基准.php


substr函数在许多特殊情况下都会返回false,所以这里是我的版本,它处理了这些问题:

function startsWith( $haystack, $needle ){
  return $needle === ''.substr( $haystack, 0, strlen( $needle )); // substr's false => empty string
}

function endsWith( $haystack, $needle ){
  $len = strlen( $needle );
  return $needle === ''.substr( $haystack, -$len, $len ); // ! len=0
}

测试(真表示良好):

var_dump( startsWith('',''));
var_dump( startsWith('1',''));
var_dump(!startsWith('','1'));
var_dump( startsWith('1','1'));
var_dump( startsWith('1234','12'));
var_dump(!startsWith('1234','34'));
var_dump(!startsWith('12','1234'));
var_dump(!startsWith('34','1234'));
var_dump('---');
var_dump( endsWith('',''));
var_dump( endsWith('1',''));
var_dump(!endsWith('','1'));
var_dump( endsWith('1','1'));
var_dump(!endsWith('1234','12'));
var_dump( endsWith('1234','34'));
var_dump(!endsWith('12','1234'));
var_dump(!endsWith('34','1234'));

此外,substra_compare函数也值得一看。http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.substr-compare.php


简而言之:

function startsWith($str, $needle){
   return substr($str, 0, strlen($needle)) === $needle;
}

function endsWith($str, $needle){
   $length = strlen($needle);
   return !$length || substr($str, - $length) === $needle;
}

您可以使用substra_compare函数检查开头和结尾:

function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr_compare($haystack, $needle, 0, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}
function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr_compare($haystack, $needle, -strlen($needle)) === 0;
}

这应该是PHP7(基准脚本)上最快的解决方案之一。在8KB的干草堆、各种长度的针以及完全、部分和不匹配的情况下进行测试。strncmp是一种更快的开始方式,但它不能检查结束方式。


为什么不采取以下措施?

//How to check if a string begins with another string
$haystack = "valuehaystack";
$needle = "value";
if (strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0){
    echo "Found " . $needle . " at the beginning of " . $haystack . "!";
}

输出:

在valuehaystack的开头找到值!

请记住,如果在干草堆中没有找到针,strpos将返回false,如果且仅当在索引0处找到针时(即开头),strpos将返回0。

以下是结尾:

$haystack = "valuehaystack";
$needle = "haystack";

//If index of the needle plus the length of the needle is the same length as the entire haystack.
if (strpos($haystack, $needle) + strlen($needle) === strlen($haystack)){
    echo "Found " . $needle . " at the end of " . $haystack . "!";
}

在这种情况下,不需要函数startsWith()作为

(strpos($stringToSearch, $doesItStartWithThis) === 0)

将准确返回true或false。

奇怪的是,这么简单,所有的野生函数都在这里泛滥。


这可能奏效

function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
     return substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)) == $needle;
}

资料来源:https://stackoverflow.com/a/4419658


专注于startswith,如果您确定字符串不为空,那么在比较之前,在第一个字符、strlen等上添加一个测试会加快速度:

function startswith5b($haystack, $needle) {
    return ($haystack{0}==$needle{0})?strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0:FALSE;
}

不知怎么的,速度快了(20%-30%)。添加另一个字符测试,如$haystack{1}==$needle{1},似乎并不能加快速度,甚至可能会减慢速度。

==似乎比==条件运算符(a)?b: c似乎比如果(a)b更快;否则c;


对于那些问“为什么不使用strpos?”并称其他解决方案为“不必要的工作”的人


strpos速度很快,但它不是这项工作的正确工具。

为了理解,这里有一个小模拟作为示例:

Search a12345678c inside bcdefga12345678xbbbbb.....bbbbba12345678c

电脑在里面做什么?

    With strccmp, etc...

    is a===b? NO
    return false



    With strpos

    is a===b? NO -- iterating in haysack
    is a===c? NO
    is a===d? NO
    ....
    is a===g? NO
    is a===g? NO
    is a===a? YES
    is 1===1? YES -- iterating in needle
    is 2===3? YES
    is 4===4? YES
    ....
    is 8===8? YES
    is c===x? NO: oh God,
    is a===1? NO -- iterating in haysack again
    is a===2? NO
    is a===3? NO
    is a===4? NO
    ....
    is a===x? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    is a===b? NO
    ...
    ... may many times...
    ...
    is a===b? NO
    is a===a? YES -- iterating in needle again
    is 1===1? YES
    is 2===3? YES
    is 4===4? YES
    is 8===8? YES
    is c===c? YES YES YES I have found the same string! yay!
    was it at position 0? NOPE
    What you mean NO? So the string I found is useless? YEs.
    Damn.
    return false

假设strlen不迭代整个字符串(但即使在这种情况下),这一点都不方便。


这里有两个函数不会引入临时字符串,这在针头很大时可能很有用:

function startsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return $needle === '' || substr_compare($haystack, $needle, -strlen($needle)) === 0;
}

我希望以下答案既有效又简单:

$content = "The main string to search";
$search = "T";
//For compare the begining string with case insensitive. 
if(stripos($content, $search) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';

//For compare the begining string with case sensitive. 
if(strpos($content, $search) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';

//For compare the ending string with case insensitive. 
if(stripos(strrev($content), strrev($search)) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';

//For compare the ending string with case sensitive. 
if(strpos(strrev($content), strrev($search)) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';

前面的许多答案也同样有效。然而,这可能是尽可能短的,你可以让它做你想做的事情。你只需要声明你希望它“回归真实”。因此,我包含了返回布尔值真/假和文本真/假的解决方案。

// boolean true/false
function startsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0 ? 1 : 0;
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return stripos($haystack, $needle) === 0 ? 1 : 0;
}


// textual true/false
function startsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0 ? 'true' : 'false';
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    return stripos($haystack, $needle) === 0 ? 'true' : 'false';
}

我会这样做

     function startWith($haystack,$needle){
              if(substr($haystack,0, strlen($needle))===$needle)
              return true;
        }

  function endWith($haystack,$needle){
              if(substr($haystack, -strlen($needle))===$needle)
              return true;
        }

最近,我通常使用下划线php这样的库。

require_once("vendor/autoload.php"); //use if needed
use Underscore\Types\String; 

$str = "there is a string";
echo( String::startsWith($str, 'the') ); // 1
echo( String::endsWith($str, 'ring')); // 1   

图书馆里还有很多其他方便的功能。


您可以使用strpos和strrpos

$bStartsWith = strpos($sHaystack, $sNeedle) == 0;
$bEndsWith = strrpos($sHaystack, $sNeedle) == strlen($sHaystack)-strlen($sNeedle);

$ends_with = strrchr($text, '.'); // Ends with dot
$start_with = (0 === strpos($text, '.')); // Starts with dot

这个问题已经有很多答案,但在某些情况下,你可以选择比所有答案都简单的答案。如果要查找的字符串是已知的(硬编码的),则可以使用正则表达式而不使用任何引号等。

检查字符串是否以“ABC”开头:

preg_match('/^ABC/', $myString); // "^" here means beginning of string

以“ABC”结尾:

preg_match('/ABC$/', $myString); // "$" here means end of string

在我的简单示例中,我想检查字符串是否以斜杠结尾:

preg_match('#/$#', $myPath);   // Use "#" as delimiter instead of escaping slash

优点:由于它非常简短和简单,您不必像上面所示那样定义函数(例如endsWith())。

但是,这并不是每一种情况的解决方案,只是一种非常具体的解决方案。


做得更快:

function startsWith($haystack,$needle) {
    if($needle==="") return true;
    if($haystack[0]<>$needle[0]) return false; // ------------------------- speed boost!
    return (0===substr_compare($haystack,$needle,0,strlen($needle)));
}

这一行比较字符串的第一个字符,可以使false case会立即返回,因此会进行许多比较速度快得多(测量时快7倍)。在真实的情况下,你几乎没有为这条线付出任何性能代价,所以我认为这是值得的。(此外,在实践中,当您为一个特定的起始块测试多个字符串时,大多数比较都会失败,因为在典型的情况下,您正在寻找一些东西。)

注意:@Tino下面评论中的bug已经修复

对于字符串与整数

如果要强制字符串比较(即,期望startsWith(“1234”,12)为true),则需要一些类型转换:

function startsWith($haystack,$needle) {
    if($needle==="") return true;
    $haystack = (string)$haystack;
    $needle   = (string)$needle;
    if($haystack[0]<>$needle[0]) return false; // ------------------------- speed boost!
    return (0===substr_compare($haystack,$needle,0,strlen($needle)));
}

我不认为这是必要的,但这是一个有趣的边缘案例,导致了诸如“布尔值真以t开头吗?”这样的问题,所以你要做出决定,但要确保你的决定是好的。


mpen给出的答案非常彻底,但不幸的是,提供的基准有一个非常重要且有害的监督。

因为针和草堆中的每个字节都是完全随机的,所以针-草堆对在第一个字节上不同的概率为99.609375%,这意味着平均而言,100000对中的大约99609对在第一字节上不同。换言之,基准测试严重偏向于显式检查第一个字节的startswith实现,正如strncmp_startswith2所做的那样。

如果测试生成循环按如下方式实现:

echo 'generating tests';
for($i = 0; $i < 100000; ++$i) {
    if($i % 2500 === 0) echo '.';

    $haystack_length = random_int(1, 7000);
    $haystack = random_bytes($haystack_length);

    $needle_length = random_int(1, 3000);
    $overlap_length = min(random_int(0, $needle_length), $haystack_length);
    $needle = ($needle_length > $overlap_length) ?
        substr($haystack, 0, $overlap_length) . random_bytes($needle_length - $overlap_length) :
        substr($haystack, 0, $needle_length);

    $test_cases[] = [$haystack, $needle];
}
echo " done!<br />";

基准测试结果讲述了一个略有不同的故事:

strncmp_startswith: 223.0 ms
substr_startswith: 228.0 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 238.0 ms
strncmp_startswith2: 253.0 ms
strpos_startswith: 349.0 ms
preg_match_startswith: 20,828.7 ms

当然,这个基准可能仍然不是完全无偏的,但它也测试了当给定部分匹配的针时算法的效率。


这是一个接受答案的多字节安全版本,它适用于UTF-8字符串:

function startsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    $length = mb_strlen($needle, 'UTF-8');
    return (mb_substr($haystack, 0, $length, 'UTF-8') === $needle);
}

function endsWith($haystack, $needle)
{
    $length = mb_strlen($needle, 'UTF-8');
    return $length === 0 ||
        (mb_substr($haystack, -$length, $length, 'UTF-8') === $needle);
}

Fastest endsWith()解决方案:

# Checks if a string ends in a string
function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr($haystack,-strlen($needle))===$needle;
}

基准:

# This answer
function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
    return substr($haystack,-strlen($needle))===$needle;
}

# Accepted answer
function endsWith2($haystack, $needle) {
    $length = strlen($needle);

    return $length === 0 ||
    (substr($haystack, -$length) === $needle);
}

# Second most-voted answer
function endsWith3($haystack, $needle) {
    // search forward starting from end minus needle length characters
    if ($needle === '') {
        return true;
    }
    $diff = \strlen($haystack) - \strlen($needle);
    return $diff >= 0 && strpos($haystack, $needle, $diff) !== false;
}

# Regex answer
function endsWith4($haystack, $needle) {
    return preg_match('/' . preg_quote($needle, '/') . '$/', $haystack);
}

function timedebug() {
    $test = 10000000;

    $time1 = microtime(true);
    for ($i=0; $i < $test; $i++) {
        $tmp = endsWith('TestShortcode', 'Shortcode');
    }
    $time2 = microtime(true);
    $result1 = $time2 - $time1;

    for ($i=0; $i < $test; $i++) {
        $tmp = endsWith2('TestShortcode', 'Shortcode');
    }
    $time3 = microtime(true);
    $result2 = $time3 - $time2;

    for ($i=0; $i < $test; $i++) {
        $tmp = endsWith3('TestShortcode', 'Shortcode');
    }
    $time4 = microtime(true);
    $result3 = $time4 - $time3;

    for ($i=0; $i < $test; $i++) {
        $tmp = endsWith4('TestShortcode', 'Shortcode');
    }
    $time5 = microtime(true);
    $result4 = $time5 - $time4;

    echo $test.'x endsWith: '.$result1.' seconds # This answer<br>';
    echo $test.'x endsWith2: '.$result4.' seconds # Accepted answer<br>';
    echo $test.'x endsWith3: '.$result2.' seconds # Second most voted answer<br>';
    echo $test.'x endsWith4: '.$result3.' seconds # Regex answer<br>';
    exit;
}
timedebug();

基准结果:

10000000x endsWith: 1.5760900974274 seconds # This answer
10000000x endsWith2: 3.7102129459381 seconds # Accepted answer
10000000x endsWith3: 1.8731069564819 seconds # Second most voted answer
10000000x endsWith4: 2.1521229743958 seconds # Regex answer

无副本,无实习循环:

function startsWith(string $string, string $start): bool
{
    return strrpos($string, $start, - strlen($string)) !== false;
}

function endsWith(string $string, string $end): bool
{
    return ($offset = strlen($string) - strlen($end)) >= 0 
    && strpos($string, $end, $offset) !== false;
}

您可以为此使用fnmatch函数。

// Starts with.
fnmatch('prefix*', $haystack);
// Ends with.
fnmatch('*suffix', $haystack);

PHP 8更新

PHP 8包含了新的str_starts_with和str_ends_with函数,它们最终为这个问题提供了一个高效便捷的解决方案:

$str = "beginningMiddleEnd";
if (str_starts_with($str, "beg")) echo "printed\n";
if (str_starts_with($str, "Beg")) echo "not printed\n";
if (str_ends_with($str, "End")) echo "printed\n";
if (str_ends_with($str, "end")) echo "not printed\n";

该特性的RFC提供了更多信息,同时也讨论了明显(但不那么明显)用户区域实现的优点和问题。


拉里维尔9.0

如果你正在使用Laravel,那么你可以执行以下操作(如果你没有使用Laraver,那么你真的应该这样做)。

Str::of('a long string')->startsWith('a');
Str::of('a long string')->endsWith('string');

//true
//true