我如何编写两个函数,如果它以指定的字符/字符串开头或以指定的字符串结尾,那么它们将接受字符串并返回?
例如:
$str = '|apples}';
echo startsWith($str, '|'); //Returns true
echo endsWith($str, '}'); //Returns true
我如何编写两个函数,如果它以指定的字符/字符串开头或以指定的字符串结尾,那么它们将接受字符串并返回?
例如:
$str = '|apples}';
echo startsWith($str, '|'); //Returns true
echo endsWith($str, '}'); //Returns true
当前回答
简短易懂的一行,没有正则表达式。
startsWith()是直接向前的。
function startsWith($haystack, $needle) {
return (strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0);
}
endsWith()使用稍微花哨且缓慢的strrev():
function endsWith($haystack, $needle) {
return (strpos(strrev($haystack), strrev($needle)) === 0);
}
其他回答
2016年8月23日更新
功能
function substr_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return substr($haystack, 0, strlen($needle)) === $needle;
}
function preg_match_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return preg_match('~' . preg_quote($needle, '~') . '~A', $haystack) > 0;
}
function substr_compare_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return substr_compare($haystack, $needle, 0, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}
function strpos_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return strpos($haystack, $needle) === 0;
}
function strncmp_startswith($haystack, $needle) {
return strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0;
}
function strncmp_startswith2($haystack, $needle) {
return $haystack[0] === $needle[0]
? strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0
: false;
}
测验
echo 'generating tests';
for($i = 0; $i < 100000; ++$i) {
if($i % 2500 === 0) echo '.';
$test_cases[] = [
random_bytes(random_int(1, 7000)),
random_bytes(random_int(1, 3000)),
];
}
echo "done!\n";
$functions = ['substr_startswith', 'preg_match_startswith', 'substr_compare_startswith', 'strpos_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith', 'strncmp_startswith2'];
$results = [];
foreach($functions as $func) {
$start = microtime(true);
foreach($test_cases as $tc) {
$func(...$tc);
}
$results[$func] = (microtime(true) - $start) * 1000;
}
asort($results);
foreach($results as $func => $time) {
echo "$func: " . number_format($time, 1) . " ms\n";
}
结果(PHP 7.0.9)
(从最快到最慢排序)
strncmp_startswith2: 40.2 ms
strncmp_startswith: 42.9 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 44.5 ms
substr_startswith: 48.4 ms
strpos_startswith: 138.7 ms
preg_match_startswith: 13,152.4 ms
结果(PHP 5.3.29)
(从最快到最慢排序)
strncmp_startswith2: 477.9 ms
strpos_startswith: 522.1 ms
strncmp_startswith: 617.1 ms
substr_compare_startswith: 706.7 ms
substr_startswith: 756.8 ms
preg_match_startswith: 10,200.0 ms
启动基准.php
上面的正则表达式函数,但上面还建议了其他调整:
function startsWith($needle, $haystack) {
return preg_match('/^' . preg_quote($needle, '/') . '/', $haystack);
}
function endsWith($needle, $haystack) {
return preg_match('/' . preg_quote($needle, '/') . '$/', $haystack);
}
无副本,无实习循环:
function startsWith(string $string, string $start): bool
{
return strrpos($string, $start, - strlen($string)) !== false;
}
function endsWith(string $string, string $end): bool
{
return ($offset = strlen($string) - strlen($end)) >= 0
&& strpos($string, $end, $offset) !== false;
}
我希望以下答案既有效又简单:
$content = "The main string to search";
$search = "T";
//For compare the begining string with case insensitive.
if(stripos($content, $search) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';
//For compare the begining string with case sensitive.
if(strpos($content, $search) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';
//For compare the ending string with case insensitive.
if(stripos(strrev($content), strrev($search)) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';
//For compare the ending string with case sensitive.
if(strpos(strrev($content), strrev($search)) === 0) echo 'Yes';
else echo 'No';
这个问题已经有很多答案,但在某些情况下,你可以选择比所有答案都简单的答案。如果要查找的字符串是已知的(硬编码的),则可以使用正则表达式而不使用任何引号等。
检查字符串是否以“ABC”开头:
preg_match('/^ABC/', $myString); // "^" here means beginning of string
以“ABC”结尾:
preg_match('/ABC$/', $myString); // "$" here means end of string
在我的简单示例中,我想检查字符串是否以斜杠结尾:
preg_match('#/$#', $myPath); // Use "#" as delimiter instead of escaping slash
优点:由于它非常简短和简单,您不必像上面所示那样定义函数(例如endsWith())。
但是,这并不是每一种情况的解决方案,只是一种非常具体的解决方案。