我见过有人说,使用不带参数的catch是一种糟糕的形式,尤其是当catch什么都不做的时候:
StreamReader reader=new StreamReader("myfile.txt");
try
{
int i = 5 / 0;
}
catch // No args, so it will catch any exception
{}
reader.Close();
然而,这被认为是良好的形式:
StreamReader reader=new StreamReader("myfile.txt");
try
{
int i = 5 / 0;
}
finally // Will execute despite any exception
{
reader.Close();
}
据我所知,将清理代码放在finally块和将清理代码放在try. catch块之后的唯一区别是,如果你在try块中有返回语句(在这种情况下,finally中的清理代码将运行,但try. catch块之后的代码将不会运行)。
否则,最后有什么特别的?
摄自:这里
引发和捕获异常不应该作为方法成功执行的一部分常规发生。在开发类库时,必须让客户端代码有机会在执行可能引发异常的操作之前测试错误条件。例如,System.IO.FileStream提供了一个CanRead属性,可以在调用Read方法之前进行检查,以防止引发潜在的异常,如下所示的代码片段:
Dim str As Stream = GetStream()
If (str.CanRead) Then
'代码来读取流
如果
The decision of whether to check the state of an object prior to invoking a particular method that may raise an exception depends on the expected state of the object. If a FileStream object is created using a file path that should exist and a constructor that should return a file in read mode, checking the CanRead property is not necessary; the inability to read the FileStream would be a violation of the expected behavior of the method calls made, and an exception should be raised. In contrast, if a method is documented as returning a FileStream reference that may or may not be readable, checking the CanRead property before attempting to read data is advisable.
To illustrate the performance impact that using a "run until exception" coding technique can cause, the performance of a cast, which throws an InvalidCastException if the cast fails, is compared to the C# as operator, which returns nulls if a cast fails. The performance of the two techniques is identical for the case where the cast is valid (see Test 8.05), but for the case where the cast is invalid, and using a cast causes an exception, using a cast is 600 times slower than using the as operator (see Test 8.06). The high-performance impact of the exception-throwing technique includes the cost of allocating, throwing, and catching the exception and the cost of subsequent garbage collection of the exception object, which means the instantaneous impact of throwing an exception is not this high. As more exceptions are thrown, frequent garbage collection becomes an issue, so the overall impact of the frequent use of an exception- throwing coding technique will be similar to Test 8.05.
finally块仍然会抛出任何引发的异常。最后要做的就是确保在抛出异常之前运行清理代码。
The try..catch with an empty catch will completely consume any exception and hide the fact that it happened. The reader will be closed, but there's no telling if the correct thing happened. What if your intent was to write i to the file? In this case, you won't make it to that part of the code and myfile.txt will be empty. Do all of the downstream methods handle this properly? When you see the empty file, will you be able to correctly guess that it's empty because an exception was thrown? Better to throw the exception and let it be known that you're doing something wrong.
另一个原因是这样做的try. catch是完全错误的。你这样做的意思是,“无论发生什么,我都能处理好。”StackOverflowException呢,你能在那之后清理吗?OutOfMemoryException呢?一般来说,您应该只处理您期望并知道如何处理的异常。
只要不抛出异常,示例之间的有效差异就可以忽略不计。
但是,如果在'try'子句中抛出异常,则第一个示例将完全忽略它。第二个示例将向调用堆栈的下一个步骤抛出异常,因此所述示例的区别在于,一个示例完全掩盖了任何异常(第一个示例),而另一个示例(第二个示例)保留了异常信息,以便后续处理,同时仍然执行'finally'子句中的内容。
例如,如果您将代码放在第一个示例的'catch'子句中,该子句抛出异常(无论是最初引发的异常还是新抛出的异常),则阅读器清理代码永远不会执行。最后执行,不管'catch'子句中发生了什么。
因此,'catch'和'finally'之间的主要区别是,'finally'块的内容(少数例外)可以被认为是保证执行的,即使面对意外的异常,而'catch'子句之后的任何代码(但在'finally'子句之外)都不会带有这样的保证。
顺便说一句,Stream和StreamReader都实现了IDisposable,并且可以包装在一个“using”块中。'Using'块在语义上等同于try/finally(没有'catch'),所以你的例子可以更简洁地表达为:
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader("myfile.txt"))
{
int i = 5 / 0;
}
...它会在StreamReader实例超出作用域时关闭并销毁它。
希望这能有所帮助。
我同意这里的共识——空的“catch”是不好的,因为它掩盖了try块中可能发生的任何异常。
此外,从可读性的角度来看,当我看到一个“try”块时,我假设会有一个对应的“catch”语句。如果你只使用'try'来确保在'finally'块中分配资源,你可以考虑使用'using'语句:
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader('myfile.txt'))
{
// do stuff here
} // reader.dispose() is called automatically
你可以对任何实现IDisposable的对象使用'using'语句。对象的dispose()方法在块的末尾被自动调用。
如果你读过c#,你就会明白finally块是为了优化应用程序和防止内存泄漏而设计的。
CLR并不能完全消除泄漏……如果程序无意中保留了对不需要的对象的引用,就会发生内存泄漏
例如,当您打开一个文件或数据库连接时,您的机器将分配内存来处理该事务,除非执行了dispose或close命令,否则该内存将不会被保留。但是如果在事务处理期间发生了错误,则继续执行的命令将被终止,除非它在try..最后. .块。
Catch与finally的不同之处在于,Catch的设计目的是为您提供处理/管理或解释错误的方法。把它想象成一个人告诉你“嘿,我抓住了一些坏人,你想让我对他们做什么?”
而最终的目的是确保你的资源被正确地配置。想想某人,不管有没有坏人,他都会确保你的财产仍然安全。
你应该让他们俩永远合作下去。
例如:
try
{
StreamReader reader=new StreamReader("myfile.txt");
//do other stuff
}
catch(Exception ex){
// Create log, or show notification
generic.Createlog("Error", ex.message);
}
finally // Will execute despite any exception
{
reader.Close();
}