我想了解以下内容:给定一个日期(datetime对象),一周中对应的日期是什么?
例如,星期天是第一天,星期一是第二天。。等等
然后如果输入的内容类似于今天的日期。
实例
>>> today = datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 20)
>>> today.get_weekday() # what I look for
产量可能是6(因为现在是星期五)
我想了解以下内容:给定一个日期(datetime对象),一周中对应的日期是什么?
例如,星期天是第一天,星期一是第二天。。等等
然后如果输入的内容类似于今天的日期。
实例
>>> today = datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 20)
>>> today.get_weekday() # what I look for
产量可能是6(因为现在是星期五)
使用weekday():
>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.today()
datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 23, 23, 24, 55, 173504)
>>> datetime.datetime.today().weekday()
4
根据文档:
以整数形式返回星期几,其中星期一为0,星期日为6。
我为CodeChef问题解决了这个问题。
import datetime
dt = '21/03/2012'
day, month, year = (int(x) for x in dt.split('/'))
ans = datetime.date(year, month, day)
print (ans.strftime("%A"))
1700/1/1之后的日期不需要导入的解决方案
def weekDay(year, month, day):
offset = [0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334]
week = ['Sunday',
'Monday',
'Tuesday',
'Wednesday',
'Thursday',
'Friday',
'Saturday']
afterFeb = 1
if month > 2: afterFeb = 0
aux = year - 1700 - afterFeb
# dayOfWeek for 1700/1/1 = 5, Friday
dayOfWeek = 5
# partial sum of days betweem current date and 1700/1/1
dayOfWeek += (aux + afterFeb) * 365
# leap year correction
dayOfWeek += aux / 4 - aux / 100 + (aux + 100) / 400
# sum monthly and day offsets
dayOfWeek += offset[month - 1] + (day - 1)
dayOfWeek %= 7
return dayOfWeek, week[dayOfWeek]
print weekDay(2013, 6, 15) == (6, 'Saturday')
print weekDay(1969, 7, 20) == (0, 'Sunday')
print weekDay(1945, 4, 30) == (1, 'Monday')
print weekDay(1900, 1, 1) == (1, 'Monday')
print weekDay(1789, 7, 14) == (2, 'Tuesday')
假设你得到了日期、月份和年份,你可以做到:
import datetime
DayL = ['Mon','Tues','Wednes','Thurs','Fri','Satur','Sun']
date = DayL[datetime.date(year,month,day).weekday()] + 'day'
#Set day, month, year to your value
#Now, date is set as an actual day, not a number from 0 to 6.
print(date)
要让星期天1点到星期六7点,这是解决问题的最简单方法:
datetime.date.today().toordinal()%7 + 1
所有这些:
import datetime
today = datetime.date.today()
sunday = today - datetime.timedelta(today.weekday()+1)
for i in range(7):
tmp_date = sunday + datetime.timedelta(i)
print tmp_date.toordinal()%7 + 1, '==', tmp_date.strftime('%A')
输出:
1 == Sunday
2 == Monday
3 == Tuesday
4 == Wednesday
5 == Thursday
6 == Friday
7 == Saturday
如果你想用英语约会:
from datetime import date
import calendar
my_date = date.today()
calendar.day_name[my_date.weekday()] #'Wednesday'
如果您有理由避免使用datetime模块,那么此函数将起作用。
注:从儒略历到公历的变化被认为发生在1582年。如果您感兴趣的日历并非如此,那么如果年份>1582,则相应地更改行。
def dow(year,month,day):
""" day of week, Sunday = 1, Saturday = 7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeller%27s_congruence """
m, q = month, day
if m == 1:
m = 13
year -= 1
elif m == 2:
m = 14
year -= 1
K = year % 100
J = year // 100
f = (q + int(13*(m + 1)/5.0) + K + int(K/4.0))
fg = f + int(J/4.0) - 2 * J
fj = f + 5 - J
if year > 1582:
h = fg % 7
else:
h = fj % 7
if h == 0:
h = 7
return h
如果日期是datetime对象,这是一个解决方案。
import datetime
def dow(date):
days=["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"]
dayNumber=date.weekday()
print days[dayNumber]
datetime库有时会出现strptime()错误,所以我切换到dateutil库。下面是一个如何使用它的示例:
from dateutil import parser
parser.parse('January 11, 2010').strftime("%a")
您从中获得的输出是“Mon”。如果希望输出为“星期一”,请使用以下命令:
parser.parse('January 11, 2010').strftime("%A")
这对我很快奏效。我在使用日期时间库时遇到了问题,因为我想存储工作日名称而不是工作日编号,而使用日期时间的格式导致了问题。如果你对此没有问题,那太好了!如果你是这样的话,你可以明确地这样做,因为它的语法也更简单。希望这有帮助。
以下是如何将小端字符串日期列表转换为datetime:
import datetime, time
ls = ['31/1/2007', '14/2/2017']
for d in ls:
dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(d, "%d/%m/%Y")
print(dt)
print(dt.strftime("%A"))
如果您不完全依赖datetime模块,日历可能是更好的选择。例如,这将为您提供日期代码:
calendar.weekday(2017,12,22);
这将给你一天:
days = ["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"]
days[calendar.weekday(2017,12,22)]
或者以python的风格,作为一行:
["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"][calendar.weekday(2017,12,22)]
使用Canlendar模块
import calendar
a=calendar.weekday(year,month,day)
days=["MONDAY","TUESDAY","WEDNESDAY","THURSDAY","FRIDAY","SATURDAY","SUNDAY"]
print(days[a])
这是我的python3实现。
months = {'jan' : 1, 'feb' : 4, 'mar' : 4, 'apr':0, 'may':2, 'jun':5, 'jul':6, 'aug':3, 'sep':6, 'oct':1, 'nov':4, 'dec':6}
dates = {'Sunday':1, 'Monday':2, 'Tuesday':3, 'Wednesday':4, 'Thursday':5, 'Friday':6, 'Saterday':0}
ranges = {'1800-1899':2, '1900-1999':0, '2000-2099':6, '2100-2199':4, '2200-2299':2}
def getValue(val, dic):
if(len(val)==4):
for k,v in dic.items():
x,y=int(k.split('-')[0]),int(k.split('-')[1])
val = int(val)
if(val>=x and val<=y):
return v
else:
return dic[val]
def getDate(val):
return (list(dates.keys())[list(dates.values()).index(val)])
def main(myDate):
dateArray = myDate.split('-')
# print(dateArray)
date,month,year = dateArray[2],dateArray[1],dateArray[0]
# print(date,month,year)
date = int(date)
month_v = getValue(month, months)
year_2 = int(year[2:])
div = year_2//4
year_v = getValue(year, ranges)
sumAll = date+month_v+year_2+div+year_v
val = (sumAll)%7
str_date = getDate(val)
print('{} is a {}.'.format(myDate, str_date))
if __name__ == "__main__":
testDate = '2018-mar-4'
main(testDate)
如果你想用英语约会:
from datetime import datetime
datetime.today().strftime('%A')
'Wednesday'
阅读更多信息:https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-结构时间行为
我们可以帮助熊猫:
import pandas as pd
如上所述,我们有:
datetime(2017, 10, 20)
如果在jupyter笔记本中执行这一行,我们将得到如下输出:
datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 20, 0, 0)
使用weekday()和weekday_name:
如果您希望工作日为整数格式,请使用:
pd.to_datetime(datetime(2017, 10, 20)).weekday()
输出将为:
4
如果你想把它作为一天的名字,比如星期天、星期一、星期五等,你可以使用:
pd.to_datetime(datetime(2017, 10, 20)).weekday_name
输出将为:
'星期五'
如果Pandas数据帧中有日期列,则:
现在假设您有一个panda数据帧,其日期列如下:pdExampleDataFrame['Dates'].head(5)
0 2010-04-01
1 2010-04-02
2 2010-04-03
3 2010-04-04
4 2010-04-05
Name: Dates, dtype: datetime64[ns]
现在,如果我们想知道工作日的名称,比如星期一、星期二。。等等,我们可以按如下方式使用.weekday_name:
pdExampleDataFrame.head(5)['Dates'].dt.weekday_name
输出将是:
0 Thursday
1 Friday
2 Saturday
3 Sunday
4 Monday
Name: Dates, dtype: object
如果我们希望从“日期”列中得到工作日的整数,那么我们可以使用:
pdExampleDataFrame.head(5)['Dates'].apply(lambda x: x.weekday())
输出将如下所示:
0 3
1 4
2 5
3 6
4 0
Name: Dates, dtype: int64
import datetime
import calendar
day, month, year = map(int, input().split())
my_date = datetime.date(year, month, day)
print(calendar.day_name[my_date.weekday()])
输出示例
08 05 2015
Friday
假设您有timeStamp:字符串变量YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
步骤1:使用blow代码将其转换为dateTime函数。。。
df['timeStamp'] = pd.to_datetime(df['timeStamp'])
步骤2:现在您可以提取所有必需的功能,如下所示,这将为每个字段创建新的列-小时、月、星期、年、日期
df['Hour'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.hour)
df['Month'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.month)
df['Day of Week'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda time: time.dayofweek)
df['Year'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda t: t.year)
df['Date'] = df['timeStamp'].apply(lambda t: t.day)
如果您将日期作为字符串,那么使用panda的时间戳可能更容易
import pandas as pd
df = pd.Timestamp("2019-04-12")
print(df.dayofweek, df.weekday_name)
输出:
4 Friday
import datetime
int(datetime.datetime.today().strftime('%w'))+1
这应该会给你一个真实的数字-1=星期天,2=星期一,等等。。。
使用以下代码:
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime
print(pd.DatetimeIndex(df['give_date']).day)
import numpy as np
def date(df):
df['weekday'] = df['date'].dt.day_name()
conditions = [(df['weekday'] == 'Sunday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Monday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Tuesday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Wednesday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Thursday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Friday'),
(df['weekday'] == 'Saturday')]
choices = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
df['week'] = np.select(conditions, choices)
return df
以下是以DD-MM-YYYY格式输入日期的代码。您可以通过更改“%d-%m-%Y”的顺序以及更改分隔符来更改输入格式。
import datetime
try:
date = input()
date_time_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%d-%m-%Y')
print(date_time_obj.strftime('%A'))
except ValueError:
print("Invalid date.")
如果您希望生成一个包含日期范围(Date)的列,并生成一个指向第一个日期并指定周日(Week Day)的列(我将使用从2008-01-01到2020-02-01的日期):
import pandas as pd
dr = pd.date_range(start='2008-01-01', end='2020-02-1')
df = pd.DataFrame()
df['Date'] = dr
df['Week Day'] = pd.to_datetime(dr).weekday
输出如下:
工作日从0到6不等,其中0对应于周一,6对应于周日。
下面是解决此问题的简单代码片段
import datetime
intDay = datetime.date(year=2000, month=12, day=1).weekday()
days = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
print(days[intDay])
输出应为:
Friday
一个简单、直接但尚未提及的选项:
import datetime
...
givenDateObj = datetime.date(2017, 10, 20)
weekday = givenDateObj.isocalendar()[2] # 5
weeknumber = givenDateObj.isocalendar()[1] # 42
这不需要每周的评论。我推荐这个代码~!
import datetime
DAY_OF_WEEK = {
"MONDAY": 0,
"TUESDAY": 1,
"WEDNESDAY": 2,
"THURSDAY": 3,
"FRIDAY": 4,
"SATURDAY": 5,
"SUNDAY": 6
}
def string_to_date(dt, format='%Y%m%d'):
return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt, format)
def date_to_string(date, format='%Y%m%d'):
return datetime.datetime.strftime(date, format)
def day_of_week(dt):
return string_to_date(dt).weekday()
dt = '20210101'
if day_of_week(dt) == DAY_OF_WEEK['SUNDAY']:
None
如果您是中国用户,您可以使用此软件包:https://github.com/LKI/chinese-calendar
import datetime
# 判断 2018年4月30号 是不是节假日
from chinese_calendar import is_holiday, is_workday
april_last = datetime.date(2018, 4, 30)
assert is_workday(april_last) is False
assert is_holiday(april_last) is True
# 或者在判断的同时,获取节日名
import chinese_calendar as calendar # 也可以这样 import
on_holiday, holiday_name = calendar.get_holiday_detail(april_last)
assert on_holiday is True
assert holiday_name == calendar.Holiday.labour_day.value
# 还能判断法定节假日是不是调休
import chinese_calendar
assert chinese_calendar.is_in_lieu(datetime.date(2006, 2, 1)) is False
assert chinese_calendar.is_in_lieu(datetime.date(2006, 2, 2)) is True
这是一个新的方法。星期天是0。
from datetime import datetime
today = datetime(year=2022, month=6, day=17)
print(today.toordinal()%7) # 5
yesterday = datetime(year=1, month=1, day=1)
print(today.toordinal()%7) # 1
在MATLAB中,高斯方法
day_name={'Sun','Mon','Tue','Wed','Thu','Fri','Sat'}
month_offset=[0 3 3 6 1 4 6 2 5 0 3 5]; % common year
% input date
y1=2022
m1=11
d1=22
% is y1 leap
if mod(y1,4)==0 && mod(y1,100)==0 && mod(y1,400)==0
month_offset=[0 3 4 0 2 5 0 3 6 1 4 6]; % offset for leap year
end
% Gregorian calendar
weekday_gregor=rem( d1+month_offset(m1) + 5*rem(y1-1,4) + 4*rem(y1-1,100) + 6*rem(y1-1,400),7)
day_name{weekday_gregor+1}
0:星期日1:星期一。。6:星期六