受Raymond Chen帖子的启发，假设你有一个4x4二维数组，写一个函数使它旋转90度。Raymond链接到伪代码中的解决方案，但我想看到一些真实的东西。
[1][2][3][4]
[5][6][7][8]
[9][0][1][2]
[3][4][5][6]
就变成:
[3][9][5][1]
[4][0][6][2]
[5][1][7][3]
[6][2][8][4]
更新:Nick的答案是最直接的，但是有没有比n²更好的方法呢?如果矩阵是10000x10000呢?
当前回答
c#代码将[n,m] 2D数组向右旋转90度
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace MatrixProject
{
// mattrix class
class Matrix{
private int rows;
private int cols;
private int[,] matrix;
public Matrix(int n){
this.rows = n;
this.cols = n;
this.matrix = new int[this.rows,this.cols];
}
public Matrix(int n,int m){
this.rows = n;
this.cols = m;
this.matrix = new int[this.rows,this.cols];
}
public void Show()
{
for (var i = 0; i < this.rows; i++)
{
for (var j = 0; j < this.cols; j++) {
Console.Write("{0,3}", this.matrix[i, j]);
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
public void ReadElements()
{
for (var i = 0; i < this.rows; i++)
for (var j = 0; j < this.cols; j++)
{
Console.Write("element[{0},{1}]=",i,j);
this.matrix[i, j] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());
}
}
// rotate [n,m] 2D array by 90 deg right
public void Rotate90DegRight()
{
// create a mirror of current matrix
int[,] mirror = this.matrix;
// create a new matrix
this.matrix = new int[this.cols, this.rows];
for (int i = 0; i < this.rows; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < this.cols; j++)
{
this.matrix[j, this.rows - i - 1] = mirror[i, j];
}
}
// replace cols count with rows count
int tmp = this.rows;
this.rows = this.cols;
this.cols = tmp;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Matrix myMatrix = new Matrix(3,4);
Console.WriteLine("Enter matrix elements:");
myMatrix.ReadElements();
Console.WriteLine("Matrix elements are:");
myMatrix.Show();
myMatrix.Rotate90DegRight();
Console.WriteLine("Matrix rotated at 90 deg are:");
myMatrix.Show();
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
结果:
Enter matrix elements:
element[0,0]=1
element[0,1]=2
element[0,2]=3
element[0,3]=4
element[1,0]=5
element[1,1]=6
element[1,2]=7
element[1,3]=8
element[2,0]=9
element[2,1]=10
element[2,2]=11
element[2,3]=12
Matrix elements are:
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
Matrix rotated at 90 deg are:
9 5 1
10 6 2
11 7 3
12 8 4
其他回答
PHP:
array_unshift($array, null);
$array = call_user_func_array("array_map", $array);
如果你需要旋转矩形二维阵列90度，在上面的代码之前或之后添加以下一行(取决于你需要的旋转方向):
$array = array_reverse($array);
下面是PHP的递归方法:
$m = array();
$m[0] = array('a', 'b', 'c');
$m[1] = array('d', 'e', 'f');
$m[2] = array('g', 'h', 'i');
$newMatrix = array();
function rotateMatrix($m, $i = 0, &$newMatrix)
{
foreach ($m as $chunk) {
$newChunk[] = $chunk[$i];
}
$newMatrix[] = array_reverse($newChunk);
$i++;
if ($i < count($m)) {
rotateMatrix($m, $i, $newMatrix);
}
}
rotateMatrix($m, 0, $newMatrix);
echo '<pre>';
var_dump($newMatrix);
echo '<pre>';
这是Java中的一个更好的版本:我已经为一个具有不同宽度和高度的矩阵制作了它
H是旋转后矩阵的高度 W是旋转后矩阵的宽度
public int[][] rotateMatrixRight(int[][] matrix)
{
/* W and H are already swapped */
int w = matrix.length;
int h = matrix[0].length;
int[][] ret = new int[h][w];
for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
ret[i][j] = matrix[w - j - 1][i];
}
}
return ret;
}
public int[][] rotateMatrixLeft(int[][] matrix)
{
/* W and H are already swapped */
int w = matrix.length;
int h = matrix[0].length;
int[][] ret = new int[h][w];
for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
ret[i][j] = matrix[j][h - i - 1];
}
}
return ret;
}
此代码基于Nick Berardi的帖子。
我的旋转版本:
void rotate_matrix(int *matrix, int size)
{
int result[size*size];
for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < size; ++j)
result[(size - 1 - i) + j*size] = matrix[i*size+j];
for (int i = 0; i < size*size; ++i)
matrix[i] = result[i];
}
在其中，我们将最后一列改为第一行，以此类推。这可能不是最理想的，但对于理解来说是清楚的。
这是c#的
int[,] array = new int[4,4] {
{ 1,2,3,4 },
{ 5,6,7,8 },
{ 9,0,1,2 },
{ 3,4,5,6 }
};
int[,] rotated = RotateMatrix(array, 4);
static int[,] RotateMatrix(int[,] matrix, int n) {
int[,] ret = new int[n, n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
ret[i, j] = matrix[n - j - 1, i];
}
}
return ret;
}
