我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试。如果我的测试方法抛出一个检查过的异常,并且如果我想断言该消息与异常一起,是否有一种方法可以使用JUnit @Test注释来做到这一点?AFAIK, JUnit 4.7不提供这个功能,但是将来的版本会提供吗?我知道在。net中你可以断言消息和异常类。在Java世界中寻找类似的特性。
这就是我想要的:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
雷斯托姆给出了一个很好的答案。我也不太喜欢《规则》。我做了类似的事情,除了创建下面的实用工具类来提高可读性和可用性,这首先是注释的一大优点。
添加这个实用程序类:
import org.junit.Assert;
public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {
private String expectedExceptionMessage;
public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run(){
try{
expectException();
Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
} catch (RuntimeException e){
Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
}
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
然后,对于我的单元测试,我所需要的是这段代码:
@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
@Override
protected void expectException() {
throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
}
}.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}
导入catch-exception库,并使用它。它比ExpectedException规则或try-catch规则干净得多。
他们文档中的例子:
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.CatchException.*;
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.CatchExceptionHamcrestMatchers.*;
// given: an empty list
List myList = new ArrayList();
// when: we try to get the first element of the list
catchException(myList).get(1);
// then: we expect an IndexOutOfBoundsException with message "Index: 1, Size: 0"
assertThat(caughtException(),
allOf(
instanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class),
hasMessage("Index: 1, Size: 0"),
hasNoCause()
)
);
我喜欢user64141的回答,但发现它可以更一般化。以下是我的看法:
public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {
private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
private final String expectedExceptionMessage;
protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run() {
try {
expectException();
} catch (Throwable e) {
assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
return;
}
fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
注意,在try块中保留“fail”语句会导致相关的断言异常被捕获;在catch语句中使用return可以防止这种情况。
我从来不喜欢用Junit断言异常的方式。如果我在注释中使用“预期”,从我的观点来看,我们似乎违反了“给定,当,然后”模式,因为“然后”被放置在测试定义的顶部。
同样,如果我们使用“@Rule”,我们必须处理大量的样板代码。所以,如果你可以为你的测试安装新的库,我建议你看看AssertJ(这个库现在随SpringBoot一起来了)
然后是一个不违反“给定/当/然后”原则的测试,并使用AssertJ来验证:
1 -例外是我们所期待的。
2 -它也有一个预期的信息
会是这样的:
@Test
void should_throwIllegalUse_when_idNotGiven() {
//when
final Throwable raisedException = catchThrowable(() -> getUserDAO.byId(null));
//then
assertThat(raisedException).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
.hasMessageContaining("Id to fetch is mandatory");
}