我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试。如果我的测试方法抛出一个检查过的异常,并且如果我想断言该消息与异常一起,是否有一种方法可以使用JUnit @Test注释来做到这一点?AFAIK, JUnit 4.7不提供这个功能,但是将来的版本会提供吗?我知道在。net中你可以断言消息和异常类。在Java世界中寻找类似的特性。
这就是我想要的:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
导入catch-exception库,并使用它。它比ExpectedException规则或try-catch规则干净得多。
他们文档中的例子:
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.CatchException.*;
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.CatchExceptionHamcrestMatchers.*;
// given: an empty list
List myList = new ArrayList();
// when: we try to get the first element of the list
catchException(myList).get(1);
// then: we expect an IndexOutOfBoundsException with message "Index: 1, Size: 0"
assertThat(caughtException(),
allOf(
instanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class),
hasMessage("Index: 1, Size: 0"),
hasNoCause()
)
);
我喜欢user64141的回答,但发现它可以更一般化。以下是我的看法:
public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {
private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
private final String expectedExceptionMessage;
protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run() {
try {
expectException();
} catch (Throwable e) {
assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
return;
}
fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
注意,在try块中保留“fail”语句会导致相关的断言异常被捕获;在catch语句中使用return可以防止这种情况。