我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试。如果我的测试方法抛出一个检查过的异常,并且如果我想断言该消息与异常一起,是否有一种方法可以使用JUnit @Test注释来做到这一点?AFAIK, JUnit 4.7不提供这个功能,但是将来的版本会提供吗?我知道在。net中你可以断言消息和异常类。在Java世界中寻找类似的特性。

这就是我想要的:

@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}

当前回答

我喜欢user64141的回答,但发现它可以更一般化。以下是我的看法:

public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {

    private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
    private final String expectedExceptionMessage;

    protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
        this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
        this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
    }

    public final void run() {
        try {
            expectException();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
            assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
            return;
        }
        fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
    }

    protected abstract void expectException();

}

注意,在try块中保留“fail”语句会导致相关的断言异常被捕获;在catch语句中使用return可以防止这种情况。

其他回答

我喜欢user64141的回答,但发现它可以更一般化。以下是我的看法:

public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {

    private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
    private final String expectedExceptionMessage;

    protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
        this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
        this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
    }

    public final void run() {
        try {
            expectException();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
            assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
            return;
        }
        fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
    }

    protected abstract void expectException();

}

注意,在try块中保留“fail”语句会导致相关的断言异常被捕获;在catch语句中使用return可以防止这种情况。

雷斯托姆给出了一个很好的答案。我也不太喜欢《规则》。我做了类似的事情,除了创建下面的实用工具类来提高可读性和可用性,这首先是注释的一大优点。

添加这个实用程序类:

import org.junit.Assert;

public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {

    private String expectedExceptionMessage;

    public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
        this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
    }

    public final void run(){
        try{
            expectException();
            Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
        } catch (RuntimeException e){
            Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    protected abstract void expectException();

}

然后,对于我的单元测试,我所需要的是这段代码:

@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
    new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
        @Override
        protected void expectException() {
            throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
        }
    }.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}

我从来不喜欢用Junit断言异常的方式。如果我在注释中使用“预期”,从我的观点来看,我们似乎违反了“给定,当,然后”模式,因为“然后”被放置在测试定义的顶部。

同样,如果我们使用“@Rule”,我们必须处理大量的样板代码。所以,如果你可以为你的测试安装新的库,我建议你看看AssertJ(这个库现在随SpringBoot一起来了)

然后是一个不违反“给定/当/然后”原则的测试,并使用AssertJ来验证:

1 -例外是我们所期待的。 2 -它也有一个预期的信息

会是这样的:

 @Test
void should_throwIllegalUse_when_idNotGiven() {

    //when
    final Throwable raisedException = catchThrowable(() -> getUserDAO.byId(null));

    //then
    assertThat(raisedException).isInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class)
            .hasMessageContaining("Id to fetch is mandatory");
}
@Test (expectedExceptions = ValidationException.class, expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = "This is not allowed")
public void testInvalidValidation() throws Exception{
     //test code
}

如果使用@Rule,则异常集将应用于test类中的所有测试方法。