我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试。如果我的测试方法抛出一个检查过的异常，并且如果我想断言该消息与异常一起，是否有一种方法可以使用JUnit @Test注释来做到这一点?AFAIK, JUnit 4.7不提供这个功能，但是将来的版本会提供吗?我知道在。net中你可以断言消息和异常类。在Java世界中寻找类似的特性。
这就是我想要的:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
当前回答
你可以使用@Rule注释和ExpectedException，就像这样:
@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");
// do something that should throw the exception...
System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}
注意，ExpectedException文档中的例子(目前)是错误的——没有公共构造函数，所以你必须使用ExpectedException.none()。
其他回答
我喜欢user64141的回答，但发现它可以更一般化。以下是我的看法:
public abstract class ExpectedThrowableAsserter implements Runnable {
private final Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass;
private final String expectedExceptionMessage;
protected ExpectedThrowableAsserter(Class<? extends Throwable> throwableClass, String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.throwableClass = throwableClass;
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run() {
try {
expectException();
} catch (Throwable e) {
assertTrue(String.format("Caught unexpected %s", e.getClass().getSimpleName()), throwableClass.isInstance(e));
assertEquals(String.format("%s caught, but unexpected message", throwableClass.getSimpleName()), expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
return;
}
fail(String.format("Expected %s, but no exception was thrown.", throwableClass.getSimpleName()));
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
注意，在try块中保留“fail”语句会导致相关的断言异常被捕获;在catch语句中使用return可以防止这种情况。
雷斯托姆给出了一个很好的答案。我也不太喜欢《规则》。我做了类似的事情，除了创建下面的实用工具类来提高可读性和可用性，这首先是注释的一大优点。
添加这个实用程序类:
import org.junit.Assert;
public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {
private String expectedExceptionMessage;
public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run(){
try{
expectException();
Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
} catch (RuntimeException e){
Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
}
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
然后，对于我的单元测试，我所需要的是这段代码:
@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
@Override
protected void expectException() {
throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
}
}.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}
我更喜欢使用AssertJ。
assertThatExceptionOfType(ExpectedException.class)
.isThrownBy(() -> {
// method call
}).withMessage("My message");
你可以使用@Rule注释和ExpectedException，就像这样:
@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");
// do something that should throw the exception...
System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}
注意，ExpectedException文档中的例子(目前)是错误的——没有公共构造函数，所以你必须使用ExpectedException.none()。
如果使用@Rule，则异常集将应用于test类中的所有测试方法。
