我已经用@Test注释编写了一些JUnit测试。如果我的测试方法抛出一个检查过的异常，并且如果我想断言该消息与异常一起，是否有一种方法可以使用JUnit @Test注释来做到这一点?AFAIK, JUnit 4.7不提供这个功能，但是将来的版本会提供吗?我知道在。net中你可以断言消息和异常类。在Java世界中寻找类似的特性。
这就是我想要的:
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class, message = "Employee ID is null")
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() {}
当前回答
雷斯托姆给出了一个很好的答案。我也不太喜欢《规则》。我做了类似的事情，除了创建下面的实用工具类来提高可读性和可用性，这首先是注释的一大优点。
添加这个实用程序类:
import org.junit.Assert;
public abstract class ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter {
private String expectedExceptionMessage;
public ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter(String expectedExceptionMessage) {
this.expectedExceptionMessage = expectedExceptionMessage;
}
public final void run(){
try{
expectException();
Assert.fail(String.format("Expected a RuntimeException '%s'", expectedExceptionMessage));
} catch (RuntimeException e){
Assert.assertEquals("RuntimeException caught, but unexpected message", expectedExceptionMessage, e.getMessage());
}
}
protected abstract void expectException();
}
然后，对于我的单元测试，我所需要的是这段代码:
@Test
public void verifyAnonymousUserCantAccessPrivilegedResourceTest(){
new ExpectedRuntimeExceptionAsserter("anonymous user can't access privileged resource"){
@Override
protected void expectException() {
throw new RuntimeException("anonymous user can't access privileged resource");
}
}.run(); //passes test; expected exception is caught, and this @Test returns normally as "Passed"
}
其他回答
在JUnit 4.13你可以做:
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
...
@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(
IllegalArgumentException.class,
() -> { throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message"); }
);
assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}
这也适用于JUnit 5，但有不同的导入:
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
...
我喜欢@Rule的答案。但是，如果出于某种原因您不想使用规则。还有第三种选择。
@Test (expected = RuntimeException.class)
public void myTestMethod()
{
try
{
//Run exception throwing operation here
}
catch(RuntimeException re)
{
String message = "Employee ID is null";
assertEquals(message, re.getMessage());
throw re;
}
fail("Employee Id Null exception did not throw!");
}
导入catch-exception库，并使用它。它比ExpectedException规则或try-catch规则干净得多。
他们文档中的例子:
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.CatchException.*;
import static com.googlecode.catchexception.apis.CatchExceptionHamcrestMatchers.*;
// given: an empty list
List myList = new ArrayList();
// when: we try to get the first element of the list
catchException(myList).get(1);
// then: we expect an IndexOutOfBoundsException with message "Index: 1, Size: 0"
assertThat(caughtException(),
allOf(
instanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class),
hasMessage("Index: 1, Size: 0"),
hasNoCause()
)
);
如果使用@Rule，则异常集将应用于test类中的所有测试方法。
你可以使用@Rule注释和ExpectedException，就像这样:
@Rule
public ExpectedException expectedEx = ExpectedException.none();
@Test
public void shouldThrowRuntimeExceptionWhenEmployeeIDisNull() throws Exception {
expectedEx.expect(RuntimeException.class);
expectedEx.expectMessage("Employee ID is null");
// do something that should throw the exception...
System.out.println("=======Starting Exception process=======");
throw new NullPointerException("Employee ID is null");
}
注意，ExpectedException文档中的例子(目前)是错误的——没有公共构造函数，所以你必须使用ExpectedException.none()。
