Here's some simple code that prints all the C(n,m) combinations. It works by initializing and moving a set of array indices that point to next valid combination. The indices are initialized to point to the lowest m indices (lexicographically the smallest combination). Then on, starting with the m-th index, we try to move the indices forward. if an index has reached its limit, we try the previous index (all the way down to index 1). If we can move an index forward, then we reset all greater indices.

m=(rand()%n)+1; // m will vary from 1 to n

for (i=0;i<n;i++) a[i]=i+1;

// we want to print all possible C(n,m) combinations of selecting m objects out of n
printf("Printing C(%d,%d) possible combinations ...\n", n,m);

// This is an adhoc algo that keeps m pointers to the next valid combination
for (i=0;i<m;i++) p[i]=i; // the p[.] contain indices to the a vector whose elements constitute next combination

done=false;
while (!done)
{
    // print combination
    for (i=0;i<m;i++) printf("%2d ", a[p[i]]);
    printf("\n");

    // update combination
    // method: start with p[m-1]. try to increment it. if it is already at the end, then try moving p[m-2] ahead.
    // if this is possible, then reset p[m-1] to 1 more than (the new) p[m-2].
    // if p[m-2] can not also be moved, then try p[m-3]. move that ahead. then reset p[m-2] and p[m-1].
    // repeat all the way down to p[0]. if p[0] can not also be moved, then we have generated all combinations.
    j=m-1;
    i=1;
    move_found=false;
    while ((j>=0) && !move_found)
    {
        if (p[j]<(n-i)) 
        {
            move_found=true;
            p[j]++; // point p[j] to next index
            for (k=j+1;k<m;k++)
            {
                p[k]=p[j]+(k-j);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            j--;
            i++;
        }
    }
    if (!move_found) done=true;
}

下面是我的JavaScript解决方案，通过使用reduce/map，它消除了几乎所有变量，功能更强大

function combinations(arr, size) { var len = arr.length; if (size > len) return []; if (!size) return [[]]; if (size == len) return [arr]; return arr.reduce(function (acc, val, i) { var res = combinations(arr.slice(i + 1), size - 1) .map(function (comb) { return [val].concat(comb); }); return acc.concat(res); }, []); } var combs = combinations([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],3); combs.map(function (comb) { document.body.innerHTML += comb.toString() + '<br />'; }); document.body.innerHTML += '<br /> Total combinations = ' + combs.length;

递归，一个很简单的答案，combo，在Free Pascal中。

    procedure combinata (n, k :integer; producer :oneintproc);

        procedure combo (ndx, nbr, len, lnd :integer);
        begin
            for nbr := nbr to len do begin
                productarray[ndx] := nbr;
                if len < lnd then
                    combo(ndx+1,nbr+1,len+1,lnd)
                else
                    producer(k);
            end;
        end;

    begin
        combo (0, 0, n-k, n-1);
    end;

“producer”处理为每个组合生成的产品数组。

假设你的字母数组是这样的:"ABCDEFGH"。你有三个下标(i, j, k)来表示你要用哪个字母来表示当前单词。

A B C D E F G H
^ ^ ^
i j k

首先你改变k，所以下一步看起来像这样:

A B C D E F G H
^ ^   ^
i j   k

如果你到达终点，你继续改变j和k。

A B C D E F G H
^   ^ ^
i   j k

A B C D E F G H
^   ^   ^
i   j   k

一旦j达到G, i也开始变化。

A B C D E F G H
  ^ ^ ^
  i j k

A B C D E F G H
  ^ ^   ^
  i j   k
...

function initializePointers($cnt) {
    $pointers = [];

    for($i=0; $i<$cnt; $i++) {
        $pointers[] = $i;
    }

    return $pointers;     
}

function incrementPointers(&$pointers, &$arrLength) {
    for($i=0; $i<count($pointers); $i++) {
        $currentPointerIndex = count($pointers) - $i - 1;
        $currentPointer = $pointers[$currentPointerIndex];

        if($currentPointer < $arrLength - $i - 1) {
           ++$pointers[$currentPointerIndex];

           for($j=1; ($currentPointerIndex+$j)<count($pointers); $j++) {
                $pointers[$currentPointerIndex+$j] = $pointers[$currentPointerIndex]+$j;
           }

           return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

function getDataByPointers(&$arr, &$pointers) {
    $data = [];

    for($i=0; $i<count($pointers); $i++) {
        $data[] = $arr[$pointers[$i]];
    }

    return $data;
}

function getCombinations($arr, $cnt)
{
    $len = count($arr);
    $result = [];
    $pointers = initializePointers($cnt);

    do {
        $result[] = getDataByPointers($arr, $pointers);
    } while(incrementPointers($pointers, count($arr)));

    return $result;
}

$result = getCombinations([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 3);
print_r($result);

基于https://stackoverflow.com/a/127898/2628125，但更抽象，适用于任何大小的指针。

下面是一个使用宏的Lisp方法。这适用于Common Lisp，也适用于其他Lisp方言。

下面的代码创建了'n'个嵌套循环，并为列表lst中的'n'个元素的每个组合执行任意代码块(存储在body变量中)。变量var指向一个包含用于循环的变量的列表。

(defmacro do-combinations ((var lst num) &body body)
  (loop with syms = (loop repeat num collect (gensym))
        for i on syms
        for k = `(loop for ,(car i) on (cdr ,(cadr i))
                         do (let ((,var (list ,@(reverse syms)))) (progn ,@body)))
                then `(loop for ,(car i) on ,(if (cadr i) `(cdr ,(cadr i)) lst) do ,k)
        finally (return k)))

让我们看看…

(macroexpand-1 '(do-combinations (p '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 4) (pprint (mapcar #'car p))))

(LOOP FOR #:G3217 ON '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) DO
 (LOOP FOR #:G3216 ON (CDR #:G3217) DO
  (LOOP FOR #:G3215 ON (CDR #:G3216) DO
   (LOOP FOR #:G3214 ON (CDR #:G3215) DO
    (LET ((P (LIST #:G3217 #:G3216 #:G3215 #:G3214)))
     (PROGN (PPRINT (MAPCAR #'CAR P))))))))

(do-combinations (p '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 4) (pprint (mapcar #'car p)))

(1 2 3 4)
(1 2 3 5)
(1 2 3 6)
...

由于默认情况下不存储组合，因此存储空间保持在最小值。选择主体代码而不是存储所有结果的可能性也提供了更大的灵活性。

不需要进行集合操作。这个问题几乎和循环K个嵌套循环一样，但你必须小心索引和边界(忽略Java和OOP的东西):

 public class CombinationsGen {
    private final int n;
    private final int k;
    private int[] buf;

    public CombinationsGen(int n, int k) {
        this.n = n;
        this.k = k;
    }

    public void combine(Consumer<int[]> consumer) {
        buf = new int[k];
        rec(0, 0, consumer);
    }

    private void rec(int index, int next, Consumer<int[]> consumer) {
        int max = n - index;

        if (index == k - 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < max && next < n; i++) {
                buf[index] = next;
                next++;
                consumer.accept(buf);
            }
        } else {
            for (int i = 0; i < max && next + index < n; i++) {
                buf[index] = next;
                next++;
                rec(index + 1, next, consumer);
            }
        }
    }
}

像这样使用:

 CombinationsGen gen = new CombinationsGen(5, 2);

 AtomicInteger total = new AtomicInteger();
 gen.combine(arr -> {
     System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
     total.incrementAndGet();
 });
 System.out.println(total);

获得预期的结果:

[0, 1]
[0, 2]
[0, 3]
[0, 4]
[1, 2]
[1, 3]
[1, 4]
[2, 3]
[2, 4]
[3, 4]
10

最后，将索引映射到您可能拥有的任何数据集。