Here's some simple code that prints all the C(n,m) combinations. It works by initializing and moving a set of array indices that point to next valid combination. The indices are initialized to point to the lowest m indices (lexicographically the smallest combination). Then on, starting with the m-th index, we try to move the indices forward. if an index has reached its limit, we try the previous index (all the way down to index 1). If we can move an index forward, then we reset all greater indices.

m=(rand()%n)+1; // m will vary from 1 to n

for (i=0;i<n;i++) a[i]=i+1;

// we want to print all possible C(n,m) combinations of selecting m objects out of n
printf("Printing C(%d,%d) possible combinations ...\n", n,m);

// This is an adhoc algo that keeps m pointers to the next valid combination
for (i=0;i<m;i++) p[i]=i; // the p[.] contain indices to the a vector whose elements constitute next combination

done=false;
while (!done)
{
    // print combination
    for (i=0;i<m;i++) printf("%2d ", a[p[i]]);
    printf("\n");

    // update combination
    // method: start with p[m-1]. try to increment it. if it is already at the end, then try moving p[m-2] ahead.
    // if this is possible, then reset p[m-1] to 1 more than (the new) p[m-2].
    // if p[m-2] can not also be moved, then try p[m-3]. move that ahead. then reset p[m-2] and p[m-1].
    // repeat all the way down to p[0]. if p[0] can not also be moved, then we have generated all combinations.
    j=m-1;
    i=1;
    move_found=false;
    while ((j>=0) && !move_found)
    {
        if (p[j]<(n-i)) 
        {
            move_found=true;
            p[j]++; // point p[j] to next index
            for (k=j+1;k<m;k++)
            {
                p[k]=p[j]+(k-j);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            j--;
            i++;
        }
    }
    if (!move_found) done=true;
}

简单但缓慢的c++回溯算法。

#include <iostream>

void backtrack(int* numbers, int n, int k, int i, int s)
{
    if (i == k)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < k; ++j)
        {
            std::cout << numbers[j];
        }
        std::cout << std::endl;

        return;
    }

    if (s > n)
    {
        return;
    }

    numbers[i] = s;
    backtrack(numbers, n, k, i + 1, s + 1);
    backtrack(numbers, n, k, i, s + 1);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int n = 5;
    int k = 3;

    int* numbers = new int[k];

    backtrack(numbers, n, k, 0, 1);

    delete[] numbers;

    return 0;
}

void combine(char a[], int N, int M, int m, int start, char result[]) {
    if (0 == m) {
        for (int i = M - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            std::cout << result[i];
        std::cout << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    for (int i = start; i < (N - m + 1); i++) {
        result[m - 1] = a[i];
        combine(a, N, M, m-1, i+1, result);
    }
}

void combine(char a[], int N, int M) {
    char *result = new char[M];
    combine(a, N, M, M, 0, result);
    delete[] result;
}

在第一个函数中，m表示还需要选择多少个，start表示必须从数组中的哪个位置开始选择。

我有一个用于project euler的排列算法，用python编写:

def missing(miss,src):
    "Returns the list of items in src not present in miss"
    return [i for i in src if i not in miss]


def permutation_gen(n,l):
    "Generates all the permutations of n items of the l list"
    for i in l:
        if n<=1: yield [i]
        r = [i]
        for j in permutation_gen(n-1,missing([i],l)):  yield r+j

If

n<len(l) 

你应该有所有你需要的组合，没有重复，你需要吗?

它是一个生成器，所以你可以这样使用它:

for comb in permutation_gen(3,list("ABCDEFGH")):
    print comb 

下面是我的Scala解决方案:

def combinations[A](s: List[A], k: Int): List[List[A]] = 
  if (k > s.length) Nil
  else if (k == 1) s.map(List(_))
  else combinations(s.tail, k - 1).map(s.head :: _) ::: combinations(s.tail, k)

我可以给出这个问题的递归Python解决方案吗?

def choose_iter(elements, length):
    for i in xrange(len(elements)):
        if length == 1:
            yield (elements[i],)
        else:
            for next in choose_iter(elements[i+1:], length-1):
                yield (elements[i],) + next
def choose(l, k):
    return list(choose_iter(l, k))

使用示例:

>>> len(list(choose_iter("abcdefgh",3)))
56

我喜欢它的简洁。