这取决于你用它来做什么。 执行无符号长(DWORD)加法或乘法时，最佳解决方案是使用ULARGE_INTEGER。

ULARGE_INTEGER是一个由两个dword组成的结构。全部价值 可以访问为“QuadPart”，而高DWORD访问 作为“HighPart”，低DWORD作为“LowPart”访问。

例如:

DWORD
My Addition(DWORD Value_A, DWORD Value_B)
{
    ULARGE_INTEGER a, b;

    b.LowPart = Value_A;  // A 32 bit value(up to 32 bit)
    b.HighPart = 0;
    a.LowPart = Value_B;  // A 32 bit value(up to 32 bit)
    a.HighPart = 0;

    a.QuadPart += b.QuadPart;

    // If  a.HighPart
    // Then a.HighPart contains the overflow (carry)

    return (a.LowPart + a.HighPart)

    // Any overflow is stored in a.HighPart (up to 32 bits)

我看到你用的是无符号整数。根据定义，在C中(我不了解c++)，无符号算术不会溢出…所以，至少对C来说，你的观点是没有意义的:)

对于有符号整数，一旦出现溢出，就会发生未定义行为(UB)，程序可以做任何事情(例如:使测试不确定)。

#include <limits.h>

int a = <something>;
int x = <something>;
a += x;              /* UB */
if (a < 0) {         /* Unreliable test */
  /* ... */
}

要创建一个符合要求的程序，您需要在生成溢出之前测试溢出。该方法也可以用于无符号整数:

// For addition
#include <limits.h>

int a = <something>;
int x = <something>;
if (x > 0 && a > INT_MAX - x) // `a + x` would overflow
if (x < 0 && a < INT_MIN - x) // `a + x` would underflow

// For subtraction
#include <limits.h>
int a = <something>;
int x = <something>;
if (x < 0 && a > INT_MAX + x) // `a - x` would overflow
if (x > 0 && a < INT_MIN + x) // `a - x` would underflow

// For multiplication
#include <limits.h>

int a = <something>;
int x = <something>;
// There may be a need to check for -1 for two's complement machines.
// If one number is -1 and another is INT_MIN, multiplying them we get abs(INT_MIN) which is 1 higher than INT_MAX
if (a == -1 && x == INT_MIN) // `a * x` can overflow
if (x == -1 && a == INT_MIN) // `a * x` (or `a / x`) can overflow
// general case
if (x != 0 && a > INT_MAX / x) // `a * x` would overflow
if (x != 0 && a < INT_MIN / x) // `a * x` would underflow

对于除法(INT_MIN和-1特殊情况除外)，不可能超过INT_MIN或INT_MAX。

对于无符号整数，只需检查结果是否小于其中一个参数:

unsigned int r, a, b;
r = a + b;
if (r < a)
{
    // Overflow
}

对于有符号整数，可以检查参数和结果的符号。

不同符号的整数不能溢出，相同符号的整数只有在结果为不同符号时才会溢出:

signed int r, a, b, s;
r = a + b;
s = a>=0;
if (s == (b>=0) && s != (r>=0))
{
    // Overflow
}

一些编译器提供了对CPU中整数溢出标志的访问，然后可以测试，但这不是标准的。

您还可以在执行乘法之前测试溢出的可能性:

if ( b > ULONG_MAX / a ) // a * b would overflow

I see that a lot of people answered the question about overflow, but I wanted to address his original problem. He said the problem was to find ab=c such that all digits are used without repeating. Ok, that's not what he asked in this post, but I'm still think that it was necessary to study the upper bound of the problem and conclude that he would never need to calculate or detect an overflow (note: I'm not proficient in math so I did this step by step, but the end result was so simple that this might have a simple formula).

重点是问题要求的a b c的上限是98.765.432。不管怎样，先把问题分成琐碎部分和非琐碎部分:

X0 == 1(9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2的所有排列都是解) X1 == x(无解) 0b == 0(不可能解) 1b == 1(无解) Ab, a > 1, b > 1(非平凡)

Now we just need to show that no other solution is possible and only the permutations are valid (and then the code to print them is trivial). We go back to the upper bound. Actually the upper bound is c ≤ 98.765.432. It's the upper bound because it's the largest number with 8 digits (10 digits total minus 1 for each a and b). This upper bound is only for c because the bounds for a and b must be much lower because of the exponential growth, as we can calculate, varying b from 2 to the upper bound:

    9938.08^2 == 98765432
    462.241^3 == 98765432
    99.6899^4 == 98765432
    39.7119^5 == 98765432
    21.4998^6 == 98765432
    13.8703^7 == 98765432
    9.98448^8 == 98765432
    7.73196^9 == 98765432
    6.30174^10 == 98765432
    5.33068^11 == 98765432
    4.63679^12 == 98765432
    4.12069^13 == 98765432
    3.72429^14 == 98765432
    3.41172^15 == 98765432
    3.15982^16 == 98765432
    2.95305^17 == 98765432
    2.78064^18 == 98765432
    2.63493^19 == 98765432
    2.51033^20 == 98765432
    2.40268^21 == 98765432
    2.30883^22 == 98765432
    2.22634^23 == 98765432
    2.15332^24 == 98765432
    2.08826^25 == 98765432
    2.02995^26 == 98765432
    1.97741^27 == 98765432

注意，例如最后一行:它说1.97^27 ~98M。因此，例如，1^27 == 1和2^27 == 134.217.728，这不是一个解决方案，因为它有9位数字(2 > 1.97，所以它实际上比应该测试的要大)。可以看到，用于测试a和b的组合非常小。对于b == 14，我们需要尝试2和3。对于b == 3，我们从2开始，到462结束。结果均小于~98M。

现在只需测试以上所有的组合，找出不重复任何数字的组合:

    ['0', '2', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8'] 84^2 = 7056
    ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '8', '9'] 59^2 = 3481
    ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '8', '9'] 59^2 = 3481 (+leading zero)
    ['1', '2', '3', '5', '8'] 8^3 = 512
    ['0', '1', '2', '3', '5', '8'] 8^3 = 512 (+leading zero)
    ['1', '2', '4', '6'] 4^2 = 16
    ['0', '1', '2', '4', '6'] 4^2 = 16 (+leading zero)
    ['1', '2', '4', '6'] 2^4 = 16
    ['0', '1', '2', '4', '6'] 2^4 = 16 (+leading zero)
    ['1', '2', '8', '9'] 9^2 = 81
    ['0', '1', '2', '8', '9'] 9^2 = 81 (+leading zero)
    ['1', '3', '4', '8'] 3^4 = 81
    ['0', '1', '3', '4', '8'] 3^4 = 81 (+leading zero)
    ['2', '3', '6', '7', '9'] 3^6 = 729
    ['0', '2', '3', '6', '7', '9'] 3^6 = 729 (+leading zero)
    ['2', '3', '8'] 2^3 = 8
    ['0', '2', '3', '8'] 2^3 = 8 (+leading zero)
    ['2', '3', '9'] 3^2 = 9
    ['0', '2', '3', '9'] 3^2 = 9 (+leading zero)
    ['2', '4', '6', '8'] 8^2 = 64
    ['0', '2', '4', '6', '8'] 8^2 = 64 (+leading zero)
    ['2', '4', '7', '9'] 7^2 = 49
    ['0', '2', '4', '7', '9'] 7^2 = 49 (+leading zero)

没有一个匹配问题(这也可以通过缺少'0'，'1'，…“9”)。

下面是解决该问题的示例代码。还要注意，这是用Python编写的，不是因为它需要任意精确整数(代码不会计算任何大于9800万的数字)，而是因为我们发现测试的数量非常少，所以我们应该使用高级语言来利用其内置的容器和库(还要注意:代码有28行)。

    import math

    m = 98765432
    l = []
    for i in xrange(2, 98765432):
        inv = 1.0/i
        r = m**inv
        if (r < 2.0): break
        top = int(math.floor(r))
        assert(top <= m)

        for j in xrange(2, top+1):
            s = str(i) + str(j) + str(j**i)
            l.append((sorted(s), i, j, j**i))
            assert(j**i <= m)

    l.sort()
    for s, i, j, ji in l:
        assert(ji <= m)
        ss = sorted(set(s))
        if s == ss:
            print '%s %d^%d = %d' % (s, i, j, ji)

        # Try with non significant zero somewhere
        s = ['0'] + s
        ss = sorted(set(s))
        if s == ss:
            print '%s %d^%d = %d (+leading zero)' % (s, i, j, ji)

CERT开发了一种新方法，使用“as-if”无限范围(AIR)整数模型来检测和报告有符号整数溢出、无符号整数包装和整数截断。CERT已经发布了一份描述该模型的技术报告，并生成了一个基于GCC 4.4.0和GCC 4.5.0的工作原型。

AIR整数模型产生的值与使用无限范围整数所获得的值相等，或者导致违反运行时约束。与之前的整数模型不同，AIR整数不需要精确的陷阱，因此不会破坏或抑制大多数现有的优化。