我在谷歌搜索上找不到简单的答案。但我还是想通了。这真的很简单。决定把它贴出来，也许可以防止别人的头上少刮几下。关键是简单的“in”和元组。下面是带有直通的switch语句行为，包括RANDOM直通。

l = ['Dog', 'Cat', 'Bird', 'Bigfoot',
     'Dragonfly', 'Snake', 'Bat', 'Loch Ness Monster']

for x in l:
    if x in ('Dog', 'Cat'):
        x += " has four legs"
    elif x in ('Bat', 'Bird', 'Dragonfly'):
        x += " has wings."
    elif x in ('Snake',):
        x += " has a forked tongue."
    else:
        x += " is a big mystery by default."
    print(x)

print()

for x in range(10):
    if x in (0, 1):
        x = "Values 0 and 1 caught here."
    elif x in (2,):
        x = "Value 2 caught here."
    elif x in (3, 7, 8):
        x = "Values 3, 7, 8 caught here."
    elif x in (4, 6):
        x = "Values 4 and 6 caught here"
    else:
        x = "Values 5 and 9 caught in default."
    print(x)

提供：

Dog has four legs
Cat has four legs
Bird has wings.
Bigfoot is a big mystery by default.
Dragonfly has wings.
Snake has a forked tongue.
Bat has wings.
Loch Ness Monster is a big mystery by default.

Values 0 and 1 caught here.
Values 0 and 1 caught here.
Value 2 caught here.
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 4 and 6 caught here
Values 5 and 9 caught in default.
Values 4 and 6 caught here
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 5 and 9 caught in default.

如果要搜索额外的语句，如“switch”，我构建了一个扩展Python的Python模块。它被称为ESPY“增强的Python结构”，可用于Python2.x和Python3.x。

例如，在这种情况下，switch语句可以由以下代码执行：

macro switch(arg1):
    while True:
        cont=False
        val=%arg1%
        socket case(arg2):
            if val==%arg2% or cont:
                cont=True
                socket
        socket else:
            socket
        break

可以这样使用：

a=3
switch(a):
    case(0):
        print("Zero")
    case(1):
        print("Smaller than 2"):
        break
    else:
        print ("greater than 1")

所以espy在Python中将其翻译为：

a=3
while True:
    cont=False
    if a==0 or cont:
        cont=True
        print ("Zero")
    if a==1 or cont:
        cont=True
        print ("Smaller than 2")
        break
    print ("greater than 1")
    break

我最喜欢的是一个非常好的食谱。这是我见过的最接近实际switchcase语句的语句，尤其是在特性中。

class switch(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.fall = False

    def __iter__(self):
        """Return the match method once, then stop"""
        yield self.match
        raise StopIteration
    
    def match(self, *args):
        """Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""
        if self.fall or not args:
            return True
        elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below
            self.fall = True
            return True
        else:
            return False

下面是一个示例：

# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,
# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements
# in each suite.
v = 'ten'
for case in switch(v):
    if case('one'):
        print 1
        break
    if case('two'):
        print 2
        break
    if case('ten'):
        print 10
        break
    if case('eleven'):
        print 11
        break
    if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'
        print "something else!"
        # No need to break here, it'll stop anyway

# break is used here to look as much like the real thing as possible, but
# elif is generally just as good and more concise.

# Empty suites are considered syntax errors, so intentional fall-throughs
# should contain 'pass'
c = 'z'
for case in switch(c):
    if case('a'): pass # only necessary if the rest of the suite is empty
    if case('b'): pass
    # ...
    if case('y'): pass
    if case('z'):
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case('A'): pass
    # ...
    if case('Z'):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

# As suggested by Pierre Quentel, you can even expand upon the
# functionality of the classic 'case' statement by matching multiple
# cases in a single shot. This greatly benefits operations such as the
# uppercase/lowercase example above:
import string
c = 'A'
for case in switch(c):
    if case(*string.lowercase): # note the * for unpacking as arguments
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case(*string.uppercase):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case('!', '?', '.'): # normal argument passing style also applies
        print "c is a sentence terminator!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

一些评论指出，使用foo作为case而不是foo中的case的上下文管理器解决方案可能更干净，对于大型switch语句，线性而不是二次行为可能是一个不错的选择。使用for循环的答案的一部分价值是有中断和突破的能力，如果我们愿意稍微使用我们选择的关键字，我们也可以在上下文管理器中实现这一点：

class Switch:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self._entered = False
        self._broken = False
        self._prev = None

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        return False # Allows a traceback to occur

    def __call__(self, *values):
        if self._broken:
            return False
        
        if not self._entered:
            if values and self.value not in values:
                return False
            self._entered, self._prev = True, values
            return True
        
        if self._prev is None:
            self._prev = values
            return True
        
        if self._prev != values:
            self._broken = True
            return False
        
        if self._prev == values:
            self._prev = None
            return False
    
    @property
    def default(self):
        return self()

下面是一个示例：

# Prints 'bar' then 'baz'.
with Switch(2) as case:
    while case(0):
        print('foo')
    while case(1, 2, 3):
        print('bar')
    while case(4, 5):
        print('baz')
        break
    while case.default:
        print('default')
        break

还可以使用列表存储案例，并通过select调用相应的函数-

cases = ['zero()', 'one()', 'two()', 'three()']

def zero():
  print "method for 0 called..."
def one():
  print "method for 1 called..."
def two():
  print "method for 2 called..."
def three():
  print "method for 3 called..."

i = int(raw_input("Enter choice between 0-3 "))

if(i<=len(cases)):
  exec(cases[i])
else:
  print "wrong choice"

也在螺丝台上进行了解释。

switch语句只是if/elif/else的语法糖。任何控制语句所做的都是基于某个条件（即决策路径）来授权作业。为了将其包装到模块中并能够基于其唯一id调用作业，可以使用继承和Python中的任何方法都是虚拟的这一事实来提供派生类特定的作业实现，作为特定的“case”处理程序：

#!/usr/bin/python

import sys

class Case(object):
    """
        Base class which specifies the interface for the "case" handler.
        The all required arbitrary arguments inside "execute" method will be
        provided through the derived class
        specific constructor

        @note in Python, all class methods are virtual
    """
    def __init__(self, id):
        self.id = id

    def pair(self):
        """
            Pairs the given id of the "case" with
            the instance on which "execute" will be called
        """
        return (self.id, self)

    def execute(self): # Base class virtual method that needs to be overridden
        pass

class Case1(Case):
    def __init__(self, id, msg):
        self.id = id
        self.msg = msg
    def execute(self): # Override the base class method
        print("<Case1> id={}, message: \"{}\"".format(str(self.id), self.msg))

class Case2(Case):
    def __init__(self, id, n):
        self.id = id
        self.n = n
    def execute(self): # Override the base class method
        print("<Case2> id={}, n={}.".format(str(self.id), str(self.n)))
        print("\n".join(map(str, range(self.n))))


class Switch(object):
    """
        The class which delegates the jobs
        based on the given job id
    """
    def __init__(self, cases):
        self.cases = cases # dictionary: time complexity for the access operation is 1
    def resolve(self, id):

        try:
            cases[id].execute()
        except KeyError as e:
            print("Given id: {} is wrong!".format(str(id)))



if __name__ == '__main__':

    # Cases
    cases=dict([Case1(0, "switch").pair(), Case2(1, 5).pair()])

    switch = Switch(cases)

    # id will be dynamically specified
    switch.resolve(0)
    switch.resolve(1)
    switch.resolve(2)

虽然已经有了足够的答案，但我想指出一个更简单、更强大的解决方案：

class Switch:
    def __init__(self, switches):
        self.switches = switches
        self.between = len(switches[0]) == 3

    def __call__(self, x):
        for line in self.switches:
            if self.between:
                if line[0] <= x < line[1]:
                    return line[2]
            else:
                if line[0] == x:
                    return line[1]
        return None


if __name__ == '__main__':
    between_table = [
        (1, 4, 'between 1 and 4'),
        (4, 8, 'between 4 and 8')
    ]

    switch_between = Switch(between_table)

    print('Switch Between:')
    for i in range(0, 10):
        if switch_between(i):
            print('{} is {}'.format(i, switch_between(i)))
        else:
            print('No match for {}'.format(i))


    equals_table = [
        (1, 'One'),
        (2, 'Two'),
        (4, 'Four'),
        (5, 'Five'),
        (7, 'Seven'),
        (8, 'Eight')
    ]
    print('Switch Equals:')
    switch_equals = Switch(equals_table)
    for i in range(0, 10):
        if switch_equals(i):
            print('{} is {}'.format(i, switch_equals(i)))
        else:
            print('No match for {}'.format(i))

输出：

Switch Between:
No match for 0
1 is between 1 and 4
2 is between 1 and 4
3 is between 1 and 4
4 is between 4 and 8
5 is between 4 and 8
6 is between 4 and 8
7 is between 4 and 8
No match for 8
No match for 9

Switch Equals:
No match for 0
1 is One
2 is Two
No match for 3
4 is Four
5 is Five
No match for 6
7 is Seven
8 is Eight
No match for 9