我想用Python编写一个函数,根据输入索引的值返回不同的固定值。

在其他语言中,我会使用switch或case语句,但Python似乎没有switch语句。在此场景中,推荐的Python解决方案是什么?


当前回答

我在谷歌搜索上找不到简单的答案。但我还是想通了。这真的很简单。决定把它贴出来,也许可以防止别人的头上少刮几下。关键是简单的“in”和元组。下面是带有直通的switch语句行为,包括RANDOM直通。

l = ['Dog', 'Cat', 'Bird', 'Bigfoot',
     'Dragonfly', 'Snake', 'Bat', 'Loch Ness Monster']

for x in l:
    if x in ('Dog', 'Cat'):
        x += " has four legs"
    elif x in ('Bat', 'Bird', 'Dragonfly'):
        x += " has wings."
    elif x in ('Snake',):
        x += " has a forked tongue."
    else:
        x += " is a big mystery by default."
    print(x)

print()

for x in range(10):
    if x in (0, 1):
        x = "Values 0 and 1 caught here."
    elif x in (2,):
        x = "Value 2 caught here."
    elif x in (3, 7, 8):
        x = "Values 3, 7, 8 caught here."
    elif x in (4, 6):
        x = "Values 4 and 6 caught here"
    else:
        x = "Values 5 and 9 caught in default."
    print(x)

提供:

Dog has four legs
Cat has four legs
Bird has wings.
Bigfoot is a big mystery by default.
Dragonfly has wings.
Snake has a forked tongue.
Bat has wings.
Loch Ness Monster is a big mystery by default.

Values 0 and 1 caught here.
Values 0 and 1 caught here.
Value 2 caught here.
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 4 and 6 caught here
Values 5 and 9 caught in default.
Values 4 and 6 caught here
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 3, 7, 8 caught here.
Values 5 and 9 caught in default.

其他回答

我喜欢Mark Bies的回答

由于x变量必须使用两次,我将lambda函数修改为无参数。

我必须运行结果[value](value)

In [2]: result = {
    ...:   'a': lambda x: 'A',
    ...:   'b': lambda x: 'B',
    ...:   'c': lambda x: 'C'
    ...: }
    ...: result['a']('a')
    ...: 
Out[2]: 'A'

In [3]: result = {
    ...:   'a': lambda : 'A',
    ...:   'b': lambda : 'B',
    ...:   'c': lambda : 'C',
    ...:   None: lambda : 'Nothing else matters'

    ...: }
    ...: result['a']()
    ...: 
Out[3]: 'A'

编辑:我注意到我可以在字典中使用None类型。因此,这将模拟交换机;其他情况

还有另一种选择:

def fnc_MonthSwitch(int_Month): #### Define a function take in the month variable 
    str_Return ="Not Found"     #### Set Default Value 
    if int_Month==1:       str_Return = "Jan"   
    if int_Month==2:       str_Return = "Feb"   
    if int_Month==3:       str_Return = "Mar"   
    return str_Return;          #### Return the month found  
print ("Month Test 3:  " + fnc_MonthSwitch( 3) )
print ("Month Test 14: " + fnc_MonthSwitch(14) )

除了字典方法(我很喜欢,BTW),您还可以使用if elif else来获得switch/case/default功能:

if x == 'a':
    # Do the thing
elif x == 'b':
    # Do the other thing
if x in 'bc':
    # Fall-through by not using elif, but now the default case includes case 'a'!
elif x in 'xyz':
    # Do yet another thing
else:
    # Do the default

当然,这与switch/case不同——你不可能像放弃break语句那样轻易地通过,但你可以进行更复杂的测试。它的格式比一系列嵌套的if更好,尽管在功能上更接近。

运行函数的解决方案:

result = {
    'case1':     foo1, 
    'case2':     foo2,
    'case3':     foo3,
}.get(option)(parameters_optional)

其中foo1()、foo2()和foo3()是函数

示例1(带参数):

option = number['type']
result = {
    'number':     value_of_int,  # result = value_of_int(number['value'])
    'text':       value_of_text, # result = value_of_text(number['value'])
    'binary':     value_of_bin,  # result = value_of_bin(number['value'])
}.get(option)(value['value'])

示例2(无参数):

option = number['type']
result = {
    'number':     func_for_number, # result = func_for_number()
    'text':       func_for_text,   # result = func_for_text()
    'binary':     func_for_bin,    # result = func_for_bin()
}.get(option)()

示例4(仅限值):

option = number['type']
result = {
    'number':    lambda: 10,       # result = 10
    'text':      lambda: 'ten',    # result = 'ten'
    'binary':    lambda: 0b101111, # result = 47
}.get(option)()

我发现一种常见的交换机结构:

switch ...parameter...
case p1: v1; break;
case p2: v2; break;
default: v3;

可以用Python表示如下:

(lambda x: v1 if p1(x) else v2 if p2(x) else v3)

或以更清晰的方式格式化:

(lambda x:
     v1 if p1(x) else
     v2 if p2(x) else
     v3)

Python版本不是一个语句,而是一个表达式,其计算结果为一个值。