从技术上讲，C标准只保证sizeof(char) == 1，其余的取决于实现。但在现代x86架构(例如Intel/AMD芯片)上，这是相当可预测的。

You've probably heard processors described as being 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, etc. This usually means that the processor uses N-bits for integers. Since pointers store memory addresses, and memory addresses are integers, this effectively tells you how many bits are going to be used for pointers. sizeof is usually measured in bytes, so code compiled for 32-bit processors will report the size of pointers to be 4 (32 bits / 8 bits per byte), and code for 64-bit processors will report the size of pointers to be 8 (64 bits / 8 bits per byte). This is where the limitation of 4GB of RAM for 32-bit processors comes from -- if each memory address corresponds to a byte, to address more memory you need integers larger than 32-bits.

8位和16位指针用于大多数低规格微控制器。这意味着每一台洗衣机、微型电脑、冰箱、老式电视甚至汽车。

你可以说这些与现实世界的编程毫无关系。 但这里有一个真实的例子: Arduino带有1-2-4k ram(取决于芯片)，带有2字节指针。

它是最新的，便宜的，每个人都可以使用，值得为之编程。

从技术上讲，C标准只保证sizeof(char) == 1，其余的取决于实现。但在现代x86架构(例如Intel/AMD芯片)上，这是相当可预测的。

You've probably heard processors described as being 16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, etc. This usually means that the processor uses N-bits for integers. Since pointers store memory addresses, and memory addresses are integers, this effectively tells you how many bits are going to be used for pointers. sizeof is usually measured in bytes, so code compiled for 32-bit processors will report the size of pointers to be 4 (32 bits / 8 bits per byte), and code for 64-bit processors will report the size of pointers to be 8 (64 bits / 8 bits per byte). This is where the limitation of 4GB of RAM for 32-bit processors comes from -- if each memory address corresponds to a byte, to address more memory you need integers larger than 32-bits.

除了16位/32位/64位的差异之外，还会发生更奇怪的事情。

曾经有一些机器sizeof(int *)是一个值，可能是4，但sizeof(char *)更大。自然地处理单词而不是字节的机器必须“增加”字符指针，以指定您真正想要的单词的哪一部分，以便正确地实现C/ c++标准。

现在这是非常不寻常的，因为硬件设计师已经了解了字节可寻址性的价值。

即使是在普通的x86 32位平台上，你也可以得到不同大小的指针，试试这个例子:

struct A {};

struct B : virtual public A {};

struct C {};

struct D : public A, public C {};

int main()
{
    cout << "A:" << sizeof(void (A::*)()) << endl;
    cout << "B:" << sizeof(void (B::*)()) << endl;
    cout << "D:" << sizeof(void (D::*)()) << endl;
}

在Visual c++ 2008中，指向成员函数的指针的大小分别为4、12和8。

Raymond Chen在这里讲过。

你得到的保证是sizeof(char) == 1。没有其他保证，包括没有保证sizeof(int *) == sizeof(double *)。

在实践中，指针的大小在16位系统上为2(如果您能找到一个)，在32位系统上为4，在64位系统上为8，但是依赖于给定的大小并不能获得任何东西。