以下是我用Java编写的Android解决方案:

// Put this method in whichever class you deem appropriate
// static or non-static, up to you.
public static int getContrastColor(int colorIntValue) {
    int red = Color.red(colorIntValue);
    int green = Color.green(colorIntValue);
    int blue = Color.blue(colorIntValue);
    double lum = (((0.299 * red) + ((0.587 * green) + (0.114 * blue))));
    return lum > 186 ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF;
}

// Usage
// If Color is represented as HEX code:
String colorHex = "#484588";
int color = Color.parseColor(colorHex);

// Or if color is Integer:
int color = 0xFF484588;

// Get White (0xFFFFFFFF) or Black (0xFF000000)
int contrastColor = WhateverClass.getContrastColor(color);

下面是我基于Mark的惊人回答编写的Java Swing代码:

public static Color getColorBasedOnBackground(Color background, Color darkColor, Color lightColor) {
    // Calculate foreground color based on background (based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/3943023/)
    Color color;
    double[] cL = new double[3];
    double[] colorRGB = new double[] {background.getRed(), background.getGreen(), background.getBlue()};

    for (int i = 0; i < colorRGB.length; i++)
        cL[i] = (colorRGB[i] / 255.0 <= 0.03928) ? colorRGB[i] / 255.0 / 12.92 :
                Math.pow(((colorRGB[i] / 255.0 + 0.055) / 1.055), 2.4);

    double L = 0.2126 * cL[0] + 0.7152 * cL[1] + 0.0722 * cL[2];
    color = (L > Math.sqrt(1.05 * 0.05) - 0.05) ? darkColor : lightColor;

    return color;
}

马克的详细回答非常有用。下面是一个javascript实现:

function lum(rgb) {
    var lrgb = [];
    rgb.forEach(function(c) {
        c = c / 255.0;
        if (c <= 0.03928) {
            c = c / 12.92;
        } else {
            c = Math.pow((c + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
        }
        lrgb.push(c);
    });
    var lum = 0.2126 * lrgb[0] + 0.7152 * lrgb[1] + 0.0722 * lrgb[2];
    return (lum > 0.179) ? '#000000' : '#ffffff';
}

然后可以调用这个函数lum([111, 22, 255])来获得白色或黑色。

根据@MarkRansom的答案，我创建了一个PHP脚本，你可以在这里找到:

function calcC($c) {
    if ($c <= 0.03928) {
        return $c / 12.92;
    }
    else {
        return pow(($c + 0.055) / 1.055, 2.4);
    }
}

function cutHex($h) {
    return ($h[0] == "#") ? substr($h, 1, 7) : $h;
}

function hexToR($h) {
    return hexdec(substr(cutHex($h), 0, 2));
}

function hexToG($h) {
    return hexdec(substr(cutHex($h), 2, 2)); // Edited
}

function hexToB($h) {
    return hexdec(substr(cutHex($h), 4, 2)); // Edited
}

function computeTextColor($color) {
    $r = hexToR($color);
    $g = hexToG($color);
    $b = hexToB($color);
    $uicolors = [$r / 255, $g / 255, $b / 255];


    $c = array_map("calcC", $uicolors);

    $l = 0.2126 * $c[0] + 0.7152 * $c[1] + 0.0722 * $c[2];
    return ($l > 0.179) ? '#000000' : '#ffffff';
}

这是马克·兰森的答案的R版本，只使用R基。

hex_bw <- function(hex_code) {

  myrgb <- as.integer(col2rgb(hex_code))

  rgb_conv <- lapply(myrgb, function(x) {
    i <- x / 255
    if (i <= 0.03928) {
      i <- i / 12.92
    } else {
      i <- ((i + 0.055) / 1.055) ^ 2.4
    }
    return(i)
  })

 rgb_calc <- (0.2126*rgb_conv[[1]]) + (0.7152*rgb_conv[[2]]) + (0.0722*rgb_conv[[3]])

 if (rgb_calc > 0.179) return("#000000") else return("#ffffff")

}

> hex_bw("#8FBC8F")
[1] "#000000"
> hex_bw("#7fa5e3")
[1] "#000000"
> hex_bw("#0054de")
[1] "#ffffff"
> hex_bw("#2064d4")
[1] "#ffffff"
> hex_bw("#5387db")
[1] "#000000"

如果你像我一样正在寻找一个考虑alpha的RGBA版本，这里有一个非常好的工作，具有高对比度。

function getContrastColor(R, G, B, A) {
  const brightness = R * 0.299 + G * 0.587 + B * 0.114 + (1 - A) * 255;

  return brightness > 186 ? "#000000" : "#FFFFFF";
}