我知道使用itertools来获得所有的组合要实际得多，但是如果你碰巧想要，假设你想要编写很多代码，你可以只使用列表理解来部分实现这一点

对于两对组合:

lambda l: [(a, b) for i, a in enumerate(l) for b in l[i+1:]]

而且，对于三对组合，它是这样简单的:

lambda l: [(a, b, c) for i, a in enumerate(l) for ii, b in enumerate(l[i+1:]) for c in l[i+ii+2:]]

结果和使用itertools.combination是一样的:

import itertools
combs_3 = lambda l: [
    (a, b, c) for i, a in enumerate(l) 
    for ii, b in enumerate(l[i+1:]) 
    for c in l[i+ii+2:]
]
data = ((1, 2), 5, "a", None)
print("A:", list(itertools.combinations(data, 3)))
print("B:", combs_3(data))
# A: [((1, 2), 5, 'a'), ((1, 2), 5, None), ((1, 2), 'a', None), (5, 'a', None)]
# B: [((1, 2), 5, 'a'), ((1, 2), 5, None), ((1, 2), 'a', None), (5, 'a', None)]

如果你不想使用组合库，这里是解决方案:

nums = [1,2,3]
p = [[]]
fnl = [[],nums]

for i in range(len(nums)):
    for j in range(i+1,len(nums)):
        p[-1].append([i,j])

for i in range(len(nums)-3):
    p.append([])
    for m in p[-2]:
        p[-1].append(m+[m[-1]+1])

for i in p:
    for j in i:
        n = []
        for m in j:
            if m < len(nums):
                n.append(nums[m])
        if n not in fnl:
            fnl.append(n)

for i in nums:
    if [i] not in fnl:
        fnl.append([i])

print(fnl)

输出:

[[], [1, 2, 3], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1], [2], [3]]

这里是另一个解决方案(一行程序)，涉及到使用itertools.combination函数，但这里我们使用了双链表理解式(而不是for循环或sum):

def combs(x):
    return [c for i in range(len(x)+1) for c in combinations(x,i)]

演示:

>>> combs([1,2,3,4])
[(), 
 (1,), (2,), (3,), (4,), 
 (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), 
 (1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 4), (1, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4), 
 (1, 2, 3, 4)]

这是我的实现

def get_combinations(list_of_things):
"""gets every combination of things in a list returned as a list of lists

Should be read : add all combinations of a certain size to the end of a list for every possible size in the
the list_of_things.

"""
list_of_combinations = [list(combinations_of_a_certain_size)
                        for possible_size_of_combinations in range(1,  len(list_of_things))
                        for combinations_of_a_certain_size in itertools.combinations(list_of_things,
                                                                                     possible_size_of_combinations)]
return list_of_combinations

如果有人正在寻找一个反向列表，就像我一样:

stuff = [1, 2, 3, 4]

def reverse(bla, y):
    for subset in itertools.combinations(bla, len(bla)-y):
        print list(subset)
    if y != len(bla):
        y += 1
        reverse(bla, y)

reverse(stuff, 1)

下面是一个使用递归的例子:

>>> import copy
>>> def combinations(target,data):
...     for i in range(len(data)):
...         new_target = copy.copy(target)
...         new_data = copy.copy(data)
...         new_target.append(data[i])
...         new_data = data[i+1:]
...         print new_target
...         combinations(new_target,
...                      new_data)
...                      
... 
>>> target = []
>>> data = ['a','b','c','d']
>>> 
>>> combinations(target,data)
['a']
['a', 'b']
['a', 'b', 'c']
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
['a', 'b', 'd']
['a', 'c']
['a', 'c', 'd']
['a', 'd']
['b']
['b', 'c']
['b', 'c', 'd']
['b', 'd']
['c']
['c', 'd']
['d']