另一种获取字典中每个项目出现次数的方法：

dict((i, a.count(i)) for i in a)

为什么不使用Pandas？

import pandas as pd

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a', 'd', 'a']

# converting the list to a Series and counting the values
my_count = pd.Series(my_list).value_counts()
my_count

输出：

a    3
d    2
b    1
c    1
dtype: int64

如果您正在查找特定元素的计数，例如a，请尝试：

my_count['a']

输出：

3

如果您使用的是Python 2.7或3.x，并且希望每个元素的出现次数，请使用Counter：

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> z = ['blue', 'red', 'blue', 'yellow', 'blue', 'red']
>>> Counter(z)
Counter({'blue': 3, 'red': 2, 'yellow': 1})

# Python >= 2.6 (defaultdict) && < 2.7 (Counter, OrderedDict)
from collections import defaultdict
def count_unsorted_list_items(items):
    """
    :param items: iterable of hashable items to count
    :type items: iterable

    :returns: dict of counts like Py2.7 Counter
    :rtype: dict
    """
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for item in items:
        counts[item] += 1
    return dict(counts)


# Python >= 2.2 (generators)
def count_sorted_list_items(items):
    """
    :param items: sorted iterable of items to count
    :type items: sorted iterable

    :returns: generator of (item, count) tuples
    :rtype: generator
    """
    if not items:
        return
    elif len(items) == 1:
        yield (items[0], 1)
        return
    prev_item = items[0]
    count = 1
    for item in items[1:]:
        if prev_item == item:
            count += 1
        else:
            yield (prev_item, count)
            count = 1
            prev_item = item
    yield (item, count)
    return


import unittest
class TestListCounters(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_count_unsorted_list_items(self):
        D = (
            ([], []),
            ([2], [(2,1)]),
            ([2,2], [(2,2)]),
            ([2,2,2,2,3,3,5,5], [(2,4), (3,2), (5,2)]),
            )
        for inp, exp_outp in D:
            counts = count_unsorted_list_items(inp) 
            print inp, exp_outp, counts
            self.assertEqual(counts, dict( exp_outp ))

        inp, exp_outp = UNSORTED_WIN = ([2,2,4,2], [(2,3), (4,1)])
        self.assertEqual(dict( exp_outp ), count_unsorted_list_items(inp) )


    def test_count_sorted_list_items(self):
        D = (
            ([], []),
            ([2], [(2,1)]),
            ([2,2], [(2,2)]),
            ([2,2,2,2,3,3,5,5], [(2,4), (3,2), (5,2)]),
            )
        for inp, exp_outp in D:
            counts = list( count_sorted_list_items(inp) )
            print inp, exp_outp, counts
            self.assertEqual(counts, exp_outp)

        inp, exp_outp = UNSORTED_FAIL = ([2,2,4,2], [(2,3), (4,1)])
        self.assertEqual(exp_outp, list( count_sorted_list_items(inp) ))
        # ... [(2,2), (4,1), (2,1)]

list.count（x）返回x在列表中出现的次数

参见：http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-在列表上

使用itertools.groupby（）对所有元素进行计数

通过itertools.groupby（）可以获得列表中所有元素的计数。

具有“重复”计数

from itertools import groupby

L = ['a', 'a', 'a', 't', 'q', 'a', 'd', 'a', 'd', 'c']  # Input list

counts = [(i, len(list(c))) for i,c in groupby(L)]      # Create value-count pairs as list of tuples 
print(counts)

退换商品

[('a', 3), ('t', 1), ('q', 1), ('a', 1), ('d', 1), ('a', 1), ('d', 1), ('c', 1)]

请注意，它是如何将前三个a组合为第一个组的，而其他a组在列表的后面。这是因为输入列表L未排序。如果小组实际上应该是分开的，这有时会是一个好处。

具有唯一计数

如果需要唯一的组计数，只需对输入列表进行排序：

counts = [(i, len(list(c))) for i,c in groupby(sorted(L))]
print(counts)

退换商品

[('a', 5), ('c', 1), ('d', 2), ('q', 1), ('t', 1)]

注意：为了创建唯一计数，与groupby解决方案相比，许多其他答案提供了更简单、更可读的代码。但这里显示的是与重复计数示例平行。