如果您想一次计算所有值，可以使用numpy数组和bincount非常快速地完成，如下所示

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1])
np.bincount(a)

这给出了

>>> array([0, 3, 1, 1, 2])

list.count（x）返回x在列表中出现的次数

参见：http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html#more-在列表上

# Python >= 2.6 (defaultdict) && < 2.7 (Counter, OrderedDict)
from collections import defaultdict
def count_unsorted_list_items(items):
    """
    :param items: iterable of hashable items to count
    :type items: iterable

    :returns: dict of counts like Py2.7 Counter
    :rtype: dict
    """
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for item in items:
        counts[item] += 1
    return dict(counts)


# Python >= 2.2 (generators)
def count_sorted_list_items(items):
    """
    :param items: sorted iterable of items to count
    :type items: sorted iterable

    :returns: generator of (item, count) tuples
    :rtype: generator
    """
    if not items:
        return
    elif len(items) == 1:
        yield (items[0], 1)
        return
    prev_item = items[0]
    count = 1
    for item in items[1:]:
        if prev_item == item:
            count += 1
        else:
            yield (prev_item, count)
            count = 1
            prev_item = item
    yield (item, count)
    return


import unittest
class TestListCounters(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_count_unsorted_list_items(self):
        D = (
            ([], []),
            ([2], [(2,1)]),
            ([2,2], [(2,2)]),
            ([2,2,2,2,3,3,5,5], [(2,4), (3,2), (5,2)]),
            )
        for inp, exp_outp in D:
            counts = count_unsorted_list_items(inp) 
            print inp, exp_outp, counts
            self.assertEqual(counts, dict( exp_outp ))

        inp, exp_outp = UNSORTED_WIN = ([2,2,4,2], [(2,3), (4,1)])
        self.assertEqual(dict( exp_outp ), count_unsorted_list_items(inp) )


    def test_count_sorted_list_items(self):
        D = (
            ([], []),
            ([2], [(2,1)]),
            ([2,2], [(2,2)]),
            ([2,2,2,2,3,3,5,5], [(2,4), (3,2), (5,2)]),
            )
        for inp, exp_outp in D:
            counts = list( count_sorted_list_items(inp) )
            print inp, exp_outp, counts
            self.assertEqual(counts, exp_outp)

        inp, exp_outp = UNSORTED_FAIL = ([2,2,4,2], [(2,3), (4,1)])
        self.assertEqual(exp_outp, list( count_sorted_list_items(inp) ))
        # ... [(2,2), (4,1), (2,1)]

我已经将所有建议的解决方案（以及一些新的解决方案）与perfplot（我的一个小项目）进行了比较。

清点一项

对于足够大的阵列，事实证明

numpy.sum(numpy.array(a) == 1)

比其他解决方案稍快。

清点所有项目

如前所述，

numpy.bincount(a)

是你想要的。

再现绘图的代码：

from collections import Counter
from collections import defaultdict
import numpy
import operator
import pandas
import perfplot


def counter(a):
    return Counter(a)


def count(a):
    return dict((i, a.count(i)) for i in set(a))


def bincount(a):
    return numpy.bincount(a)


def pandas_value_counts(a):
    return pandas.Series(a).value_counts()


def occur_dict(a):
    d = {}
    for i in a:
        if i in d:
            d[i] = d[i]+1
        else:
            d[i] = 1
    return d


def count_unsorted_list_items(items):
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for item in items:
        counts[item] += 1
    return dict(counts)


def operator_countof(a):
    return dict((i, operator.countOf(a, i)) for i in set(a))


perfplot.show(
    setup=lambda n: list(numpy.random.randint(0, 100, n)),
    n_range=[2**k for k in range(20)],
    kernels=[
        counter, count, bincount, pandas_value_counts, occur_dict,
        count_unsorted_list_items, operator_countof
        ],
    equality_check=None,
    logx=True,
    logy=True,
    )

from collections import Counter
from collections import defaultdict
import numpy
import operator
import pandas
import perfplot


def counter(a):
    return Counter(a)


def count(a):
    return dict((i, a.count(i)) for i in set(a))


def bincount(a):
    return numpy.bincount(a)


def pandas_value_counts(a):
    return pandas.Series(a).value_counts()


def occur_dict(a):
    d = {}
    for i in a:
        if i in d:
            d[i] = d[i] + 1
        else:
            d[i] = 1
    return d


def count_unsorted_list_items(items):
    counts = defaultdict(int)
    for item in items:
        counts[item] += 1
    return dict(counts)


def operator_countof(a):
    return dict((i, operator.countOf(a, i)) for i in set(a))


b = perfplot.bench(
    setup=lambda n: list(numpy.random.randint(0, 100, n)),
    n_range=[2 ** k for k in range(20)],
    kernels=[
        counter,
        count,
        bincount,
        pandas_value_counts,
        occur_dict,
        count_unsorted_list_items,
        operator_countof,
    ],
    equality_check=None,
)
b.save("out.png")
b.show()

如果只需要单个项目的计数，请使用计数方法：

>>> [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 4, 1].count(1)
3

重要提示：如果您正在计算多个不同的项目，这会非常缓慢

每个计数调用都会遍历n个元素的整个列表。在循环中调用计数n次意味着总共检查n次，这可能会对性能造成灾难性影响。

如果要计数多个项目，请使用计数器，它只进行n次总检查。

使用%timeit查看哪个操作更有效。np.array计数操作应该更快。

 from collections import Counter
 mylist = [1,7,7,7,3,9,9,9,7,9,10,0] 
 types_counts=Counter(mylist)
 print(types_counts)