下面是一个使用宏的Lisp方法。这适用于Common Lisp，也适用于其他Lisp方言。

下面的代码创建了'n'个嵌套循环，并为列表lst中的'n'个元素的每个组合执行任意代码块(存储在body变量中)。变量var指向一个包含用于循环的变量的列表。

(defmacro do-combinations ((var lst num) &body body)
  (loop with syms = (loop repeat num collect (gensym))
        for i on syms
        for k = `(loop for ,(car i) on (cdr ,(cadr i))
                         do (let ((,var (list ,@(reverse syms)))) (progn ,@body)))
                then `(loop for ,(car i) on ,(if (cadr i) `(cdr ,(cadr i)) lst) do ,k)
        finally (return k)))

让我们看看…

(macroexpand-1 '(do-combinations (p '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 4) (pprint (mapcar #'car p))))

(LOOP FOR #:G3217 ON '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) DO
 (LOOP FOR #:G3216 ON (CDR #:G3217) DO
  (LOOP FOR #:G3215 ON (CDR #:G3216) DO
   (LOOP FOR #:G3214 ON (CDR #:G3215) DO
    (LET ((P (LIST #:G3217 #:G3216 #:G3215 #:G3214)))
     (PROGN (PPRINT (MAPCAR #'CAR P))))))))

(do-combinations (p '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7) 4) (pprint (mapcar #'car p)))

(1 2 3 4)
(1 2 3 5)
(1 2 3 6)
...

由于默认情况下不存储组合，因此存储空间保持在最小值。选择主体代码而不是存储所有结果的可能性也提供了更大的灵活性。

这是我用c++写的命题

我尽可能少地限制迭代器类型，所以这个解决方案假设只有前向迭代器，它可以是const_iterator。这应该适用于任何标准容器。在参数没有意义的情况下，它抛出std:: invalid_argument

#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>

template <typename Fci> // Fci - forward const iterator
std::vector<std::vector<Fci> >
enumerate_combinations(Fci begin, Fci end, unsigned int combination_size)
{
    if(begin == end && combination_size > 0u)
        throw std::invalid_argument("empty set and positive combination size!");
    std::vector<std::vector<Fci> > result; // empty set of combinations
    if(combination_size == 0u) return result; // there is exactly one combination of
                                              // size 0 - emty set
    std::vector<Fci> current_combination;
    current_combination.reserve(combination_size + 1u); // I reserve one aditional slot
                                                        // in my vector to store
                                                        // the end sentinel there.
                                                        // The code is cleaner thanks to that
    for(unsigned int i = 0u; i < combination_size && begin != end; ++i, ++begin)
    {
        current_combination.push_back(begin); // Construction of the first combination
    }
    // Since I assume the itarators support only incrementing, I have to iterate over
    // the set to get its size, which is expensive. Here I had to itrate anyway to  
    // produce the first cobination, so I use the loop to also check the size.
    if(current_combination.size() < combination_size)
        throw std::invalid_argument("combination size > set size!");
    result.push_back(current_combination); // Store the first combination in the results set
    current_combination.push_back(end); // Here I add mentioned earlier sentinel to
                                        // simplyfy rest of the code. If I did it 
                                        // earlier, previous statement would get ugly.
    while(true)
    {
        unsigned int i = combination_size;
        Fci tmp;                            // Thanks to the sentinel I can find first
        do                                  // iterator to change, simply by scaning
        {                                   // from right to left and looking for the
            tmp = current_combination[--i]; // first "bubble". The fact, that it's 
            ++tmp;                          // a forward iterator makes it ugly but I
        }                                   // can't help it.
        while(i > 0u && tmp == current_combination[i + 1u]);

        // Here is probably my most obfuscated expression.
        // Loop above looks for a "bubble". If there is no "bubble", that means, that
        // current_combination is the last combination, Expression in the if statement
        // below evaluates to true and the function exits returning result.
        // If the "bubble" is found however, the ststement below has a sideeffect of 
        // incrementing the first iterator to the left of the "bubble".
        if(++current_combination[i] == current_combination[i + 1u])
            return result;
        // Rest of the code sets posiotons of the rest of the iterstors
        // (if there are any), that are to the right of the incremented one,
        // to form next combination

        while(++i < combination_size)
        {
            current_combination[i] = current_combination[i - 1u];
            ++current_combination[i];
        }
        // Below is the ugly side of using the sentinel. Well it had to haave some 
        // disadvantage. Try without it.
        result.push_back(std::vector<Fci>(current_combination.begin(),
                                          current_combination.end() - 1));
    }
}

c#简单算法。 (我发布它是因为我试图使用你们上传的那个，但由于某种原因我无法编译它——扩展一个类?所以我自己写了一个，以防别人遇到和我一样的问题)。 顺便说一下，除了基本的编程，我对c#没什么兴趣，但是这个工作得很好。

public static List<List<int>> GetSubsetsOfSizeK(List<int> lInputSet, int k)
        {
            List<List<int>> lSubsets = new List<List<int>>();
            GetSubsetsOfSizeK_rec(lInputSet, k, 0, new List<int>(), lSubsets);
            return lSubsets;
        }

public static void GetSubsetsOfSizeK_rec(List<int> lInputSet, int k, int i, List<int> lCurrSet, List<List<int>> lSubsets)
        {
            if (lCurrSet.Count == k)
            {
                lSubsets.Add(lCurrSet);
                return;
            }

            if (i >= lInputSet.Count)
                return;

            List<int> lWith = new List<int>(lCurrSet);
            List<int> lWithout = new List<int>(lCurrSet);
            lWith.Add(lInputSet[i++]);

            GetSubsetsOfSizeK_rec(lInputSet, k, i, lWith, lSubsets);
            GetSubsetsOfSizeK_rec(lInputSet, k, i, lWithout, lSubsets);
        }

GetSubsetsOfSizeK(set of type List<int>， integer k)

您可以修改它以遍历您正在处理的任何内容。

好运！

用c#的另一个解决方案:

 static List<List<T>> GetCombinations<T>(List<T> originalItems, int combinationLength)
    {
        if (combinationLength < 1)
        {
            return null;
        }

        return CreateCombinations<T>(new List<T>(), 0, combinationLength, originalItems);
    }

 static List<List<T>> CreateCombinations<T>(List<T> initialCombination, int startIndex, int length, List<T> originalItems)
    {
        List<List<T>> combinations = new List<List<T>>();
        for (int i = startIndex; i < originalItems.Count - length + 1; i++)
        {
            List<T> newCombination = new List<T>(initialCombination);
            newCombination.Add(originalItems[i]);
            if (length > 1)
            {
                List<List<T>> newCombinations = CreateCombinations(newCombination, i + 1, length - 1, originalItems);
                combinations.AddRange(newCombinations);
            }
            else
            {
                combinations.Add(newCombination);
            }
        }

        return combinations;
    }

用法示例:

   List<char> initialArray = new List<char>() { 'a','b','c','d'};
   int combinationLength = 3;
   List<List<char>> combinations = GetCombinations(initialArray, combinationLength);

作为迭代器对象实现的MetaTrader MQL4非常快速的组合。

代码很容易理解。

我对很多算法进行了基准测试，这个算法真的非常快——大约比大多数next_combination()函数快3倍。

class CombinationsIterator { private: int input_array[]; // 1 2 3 4 5 int index_array[]; // i j k int m_elements; // N int m_indices; // K public: CombinationsIterator(int &src_data[], int k) { m_indices = k; m_elements = ArraySize(src_data); ArrayCopy(input_array, src_data); ArrayResize(index_array, m_indices); // create initial combination (0..k-1) for (int i = 0; i < m_indices; i++) { index_array[i] = i; } } // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5076695 // bool next_combination(int &item[], int k, int N) bool advance() { int N = m_elements; for (int i = m_indices - 1; i >= 0; --i) { if (index_array[i] < --N) { ++index_array[i]; for (int j = i + 1; j < m_indices; ++j) { index_array[j] = index_array[j - 1] + 1; } return true; } } return false; } void getItems(int &items[]) { // fill items[] from input array for (int i = 0; i < m_indices; i++) { items[i] = input_array[index_array[i]]; } } };

测试上述迭代器类的驱动程序:

//+------------------------------------------------------------------+ //| | //+------------------------------------------------------------------+ // driver program to test above class #define N 5 #define K 3 void OnStart() { int myset[N] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int items[K]; CombinationsIterator comboIt(myset, K); do { comboIt.getItems(items); printf("%s", ArrayToString(items)); } while (comboIt.advance()); }

输出: 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 3 4 1 3 5 1 4 5 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 4 5 3 4 5

说了这么多，做了这么多，这就是奥卡姆的代码。 算法是显而易见的代码..

let combi n lst =
    let rec comb l c =
        if( List.length c = n) then [c] else
        match l with
        [] -> []
        | (h::t) -> (combi t (h::c))@(combi t c)
    in
        combi lst []
;;