我有一个ListView,每行上有两个图像按钮。当用户单击列表行时,它将启动一个新活动。我不得不建立我自己的标签,因为相机布局的问题。为结果启动的活动是一个映射。如果我点击我的按钮来启动图像预览(从SD卡加载图像),应用程序从活动返回到ListView活动到结果处理程序,重新启动我的新活动,这只不过是一个图像小部件。

ListView上的图像预览是用光标和ListAdapter完成的。这使得它非常简单,但我不确定我如何可以把一个调整大小的图像(即较小的位大小而不是像素作为图像按钮的src)。我只是调整了从手机摄像头拍下来的图片的大小。

问题是,当它试图返回并重新启动第二个活动时,我得到一个OutOfMemoryError。

是否有一种方法,我可以轻松地构建列表适配器行,在那里我可以调整大小的飞行(位)?

这将是可取的,因为我还需要对每行中的小部件/元素的属性做出一些更改,因为我无法选择一行与触摸屏,因为焦点问题。(我会用滚轮。)

我知道我可以做带外调整并保存我的图像,但这不是我真正想做的,但一些示例代码会很好。

当我在ListView上禁用图像时,它又可以正常工作了。

供你参考:我是这样做的:

String[] from = new String[] { DBHelper.KEY_BUSINESSNAME, DBHelper.KEY_ADDRESS,
    DBHelper.KEY_CITY, DBHelper.KEY_GPSLONG, DBHelper.KEY_GPSLAT,
    DBHelper.KEY_IMAGEFILENAME  + ""};
int[] to = new int[] { R.id.businessname, R.id.address, R.id.city, R.id.gpslong,
    R.id.gpslat, R.id.imagefilename };
notes = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.notes_row, c, from, to);
setListAdapter(notes);

其中R.id.imagefilename是一个ButtonImage。

这是我的LogCat:

01-25 05:05:49.877: ERROR/dalvikvm-heap(3896): 6291456-byte external allocation too large for this process.
01-25 05:05:49.877: ERROR/(3896): VM wont let us allocate 6291456 bytes
01-25 05:05:49.877: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896): java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeStream(Native Method)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:304)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeFile(BitmapFactory.java:149)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeFile(BitmapFactory.java:174)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromPath(Drawable.java:729)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.ImageView.resolveUri(ImageView.java:484)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.ImageView.setImageURI(ImageView.java:281)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter.setViewImage(SimpleCursorAdapter.java:183)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.SimpleCursorAdapter.bindView(SimpleCursorAdapter.java:129)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.CursorAdapter.getView(CursorAdapter.java:150)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:1057)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.ListView.makeAndAddView(ListView.java:1616)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.ListView.fillSpecific(ListView.java:1177)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.ListView.layoutChildren(ListView.java:1454)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.AbsListView.onLayout(AbsListView.java:937)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.View.layout(View.java:5611)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1119)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutHorizontal(LinearLayout.java:1108)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:922)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.View.layout(View.java:5611)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:294)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.View.layout(View.java:5611)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1119)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.layoutVertical(LinearLayout.java:999)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.LinearLayout.onLayout(LinearLayout.java:920)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.View.layout(View.java:5611)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.widget.FrameLayout.onLayout(FrameLayout.java:294)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.View.layout(View.java:5611)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.ViewRoot.performTraversals(ViewRoot.java:771)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.view.ViewRoot.handleMessage(ViewRoot.java:1103)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:88)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3742)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:515)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:739)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:497)
01-25 05:05:49.917: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3896):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
01-25 05:10:01.127: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(3943): ERROR: thread attach failed 

我也有一个新的错误时显示的图像:

22:13:18.594: DEBUG/skia(4204): xxxxxxxxxxx jpeg error 20 Improper call to JPEG library in state %d
22:13:18.604: INFO/System.out(4204): resolveUri failed on bad bitmap uri: 
22:13:18.694: ERROR/dalvikvm-heap(4204): 6291456-byte external allocation too large for this process.
22:13:18.694: ERROR/(4204): VM won't let us allocate 6291456 bytes
22:13:18.694: DEBUG/skia(4204): xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx allocPixelRef failed

我做了以下操作来获取图像并动态地调整它的大小。希望这能有所帮助

Bitmap bm;
bm = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(filepath), 100, 100, true);
mPicture = new ImageView(context);
mPicture.setImageBitmap(bm);    

要修复OutOfMemory错误,你应该这样做:

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 8;
Bitmap preview_bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is, null, options);

这个inSampleSize选项可以减少内存消耗。

这是一个完整的方法。首先,它读取图像大小而不解码内容本身。然后它找到最佳的inSampleSize值,它应该是2的幂,最后图像被解码。

// Decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
private Bitmap decodeFile(File f) {
    try {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o);

        // The new size we want to scale to
        final int REQUIRED_SIZE=70;

        // Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.
        int scale = 1;
        while(o.outWidth / scale / 2 >= REQUIRED_SIZE && 
              o.outHeight / scale / 2 >= REQUIRED_SIZE) {
            scale *= 2;
        }

        // Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(f), null, o2);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {}
    return null;
}

我对费多的代码做了一些小改进。它基本上做了同样的事情,但没有(在我看来)丑陋的while循环,它总是导致2的幂。向Fedor的原始解决方案致敬,我被卡住了,直到我找到了他的,然后我就能做出这个了:)

 private Bitmap decodeFile(File f){
    Bitmap b = null;

        //Decode image size
    BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
    BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o);
    fis.close();

    int scale = 1;
    if (o.outHeight > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE || o.outWidth > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE) {
        scale = (int)Math.pow(2, (int) Math.ceil(Math.log(IMAGE_MAX_SIZE / 
           (double) Math.max(o.outHeight, o.outWidth)) / Math.log(0.5)));
    }

    //Decode with inSampleSize
    BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    o2.inSampleSize = scale;
    fis = new FileInputStream(f);
    b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o2);
    fis.close();

    return b;
}

使用这个bitmap.recycle();这有助于没有任何图像质量问题。


我有一个更有效的解决方案,不需要任何形式的缩放。只需解码您的位图一次,然后将其缓存到一个映射中,以对应其名称。然后根据名称检索位图,并在ImageView中设置它。没有什么需要做的了。

这可以工作,因为解码后的位图的实际二进制数据并不存储在dalvik VM堆中。它存储在外部。因此,每次解码位图时,它都会在VM堆之外分配内存,这些内存永远不会被GC回收

为了更好地理解这一点,想象一下你把你的图像保存在可绘制文件夹中。你只需要通过getResources(). getdrwable (R.drawable.)来获取图像。这将不是每次解码你的图像,而是在每次调用它时重用一个已经解码的实例。所以本质上它是被缓存的。

现在,由于您的映像位于某个文件中(甚至可能来自外部服务器),因此您有责任缓存解码后的位图实例,以便在任何需要的地方重用它。

希望这能有所帮助。


这里有两个问题....

位图内存不在VM堆中,而是在原生堆中——BitmapFactory OOM快把我逼疯了 原生堆的垃圾收集比VM堆的要慢——所以你需要在做位图时非常积极。recycle和bitmap =null每次你通过一个活动的onPause或onDestroy


这似乎是一个长期存在的问题,有很多不同的解释。我采纳了这里给出的两个最常见答案的建议,但它们都没有解决我的VM声称它无法负担字节来执行过程的解码部分的问题。经过一番深入研究,我了解到这里的真正问题是解码过程从NATIVE堆中取出。

BitmapFactory OOM把我逼疯了

这将我引向另一个讨论线程,在那里我找到了这个问题的更多解决方案。一个是调用system .gc();显示图像后手动操作。但这实际上会使你的应用程序使用更多的内存,以减少本机堆。对于2.0版本(Donut)来说,更好的解决方案是使用BitmapFactory选项“inPurgeable”。所以我添加了o2.inPurgeable=true;就在o2.inSampleSize=scale;之后。

关于这个主题的更多信息:内存堆的限制只有6M吗?

现在,说了这么多,我对Java和Android也是个十足的笨蛋。所以如果你认为这是一个糟糕的解决问题的方法,你可能是对的。;-)但这已经为我工作的奇迹,我发现它不可能运行VM的堆缓存现在。唯一的缺点我能找到的是,你是垃圾缓存绘制的图像。这意味着如果你直接回到那个图像,你每次都要重新绘制它。就我的应用程序的工作方式而言,这并不是真正的问题。你的里程可能会有所不同。


这是一个已知的错误,并不是因为文件太大。由于Android缓存Drawables,它会在使用少量图像后耗尽内存。但我找到了另一种方法,跳过android默认的缓存系统。

解决方案: 移动图像到“assets”文件夹,并使用以下函数来获得BitmapDrawable:

public static Drawable getAssetImage(Context context, String filename) throws IOException {
    AssetManager assets = context.getResources().getAssets();
    InputStream buffer = new BufferedInputStream((assets.open("drawable/" + filename + ".png")));
    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(buffer);
    return new BitmapDrawable(context.getResources(), bitmap);
}

我已经通过以下方式解决了同样的问题。

Bitmap b = null;
Drawable d;
ImageView i = new ImageView(mContext);
try {
    b = Bitmap.createBitmap(320,424,Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
    b.eraseColor(0xFFFFFFFF);
    Rect r = new Rect(0, 0,320 , 424);
    Canvas c = new Canvas(b);
    Paint p = new Paint();
    p.setColor(0xFFC0C0C0);
    c.drawRect(r, p);
    d = mContext.getResources().getDrawable(mImageIds[position]);
    d.setBounds(r);
    d.draw(c);

    /*   
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o2.inTempStorage = new byte[128*1024];
        b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(mContext.getResources().openRawResource(mImageIds[position]), null, o2);
        o2.inSampleSize=16;
        o2.inPurgeable = true;
    */
} catch (Exception e) {

}
i.setImageBitmap(b);

我有同样的问题,并通过避免BitmapFactory.decodeStream或decodeFile函数来解决它,而是使用BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor

decodeFileDescriptor看起来像调用了不同于decodeStream/decodeFile的本地方法。

不管怎样,这样做是有效的(注意,我添加了一些选项,就像上面的一些选项一样,但这并不是造成不同的原因。关键是调用BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor而不是decodeStream或decodeFile):

private void showImage(String path)   {

    Log.i("showImage","loading:"+path);
    BitmapFactory.Options bfOptions=new BitmapFactory.Options();
    bfOptions.inDither=false;                     //Disable Dithering mode
    bfOptions.inPurgeable=true;                   //Tell to gc that whether it needs free memory, the Bitmap can be cleared
    bfOptions.inInputShareable=true;              //Which kind of reference will be used to recover the Bitmap data after being clear, when it will be used in the future
    bfOptions.inTempStorage=new byte[32 * 1024]; 

    File file=new File(path);
    FileInputStream fs=null;
    try {
        fs = new FileInputStream(file);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
        //TODO do something intelligent
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    try {
        if(fs!=null) bm=BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fs.getFD(), null, bfOptions);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //TODO do something intelligent
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally{ 
        if(fs!=null) {
            try {
                fs.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    //bm=BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, bfOptions); This one causes error: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget

    im.setImageBitmap(bm);
    //bm.recycle();
    bm=null;                        
}

我认为在decodeStream/decodeFile中使用的本机函数有问题。我已经确认使用decodeFileDescriptor时调用了不同的本机方法。此外,我读到的是“图像(位图)不是以标准的Java方式分配的,而是通过本机调用;分配是在虚拟堆之外完成的,但是 不算数!”


上面的答案都不适合我,但我确实想出了一个可怕的解决问题的方法。我将一个非常小的1x1像素的图像作为资源添加到我的项目中,并在调用垃圾收集之前将其加载到我的ImageView中。我认为这可能是ImageView没有释放位图,所以GC从未拾取它。虽然很难看,但目前看来还是有效的。

if (bitmap != null)
{
  bitmap.recycle();
  bitmap = null;
}
if (imageView != null)
{
  imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.tiny); // This is my 1x1 png.
}
System.gc();

imageView.setImageBitmap(...); // Do whatever you need to do to load the image you want.

我有iOS经验,我很沮丧地发现加载和显示图像这样基本的问题。毕竟,每个人都有这个问题,试图显示合理大小的图像。不管怎样,这里有两个改变解决了我的问题(并使我的应用程序非常灵敏)。

1)每次执行BitmapFactory. decodexyz()时,确保传入一个BitmapFactory。选项inPurgeable设置为true(最好inInputShareable也设置为true)。

2)绝对不要使用位图。createBitmap(width, height, Config.ARGB_8888)。我的意思是绝不!我从来没有过这个东西在几次传递后不产生内存错误。没有多少recycle(), System.gc(),任何有用的东西。它总是抛出异常。另一种实际工作的方法是在你的绘图中有一个虚拟图像(或另一个你使用上述步骤1解码的位图),将其重新缩放为你想要的任何东西,然后操纵结果位图(例如将它传递到画布上以获得更多乐趣)。所以,你应该使用的是:位图。createScaledBitmap(srcBitmap, width, height, false)。如果出于某种原因你必须使用暴力创建方法,那么至少要传递Config.ARGB_4444。

这几乎可以保证节省你几个小时,如果不是几天。所有关于缩放图像等的讨论都是行不通的(除非你认为得到错误的大小或降级的图像是一个解决方案)。


几分钟前我遇到了这个问题。我通过更好地管理我的listview适配器来解决这个问题。我认为这是我使用的数百个50x50px图像的问题,结果是我在每次显示一行时都试图膨胀我的自定义视图。通过简单地测试看看行是否被膨胀,我消除了这个错误,我使用了数百个位图。这实际上是用于Spinner的,但基本适配器对ListView是一样的。这个简单的修复还极大地提高了适配器的性能。

@Override
public View getView(final int position, View convertView, final ViewGroup parent) {

    if(convertView == null){
        LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.spinner_row, null);
    }
...

我花了一整天的时间来测试这些解决方案,唯一对我有用的是上面的获取图像和手动调用GC的方法,我知道这是不必要的,但当我把应用程序置于繁重的负载测试下时,这是唯一有效的方法。我的应用程序有一个缩略图列表在列表视图(让说活动a),当你点击其中一个图像,它带你到另一个活动(让说活动B),显示该项目的主图像。当我在两个活动之间来回切换时,我最终会得到OOM错误,应用程序将强制关闭。

当我走到列表视图一半的时候它就崩溃了。

现在,当我在活动B中实现以下内容时,我可以毫无问题地遍历整个列表视图,并继续下去……而且速度很快。

@Override
public void onDestroy()
{   
    Cleanup();
    super.onDestroy();
}

private void Cleanup()
{    
    bitmap.recycle();
    System.gc();
    Runtime.getRuntime().gc();  
}

Android培训课程“高效显示位图”提供了一些很好的信息,用于理解和处理异常“java.lang.OutOfMemoryError:加载位图时,位图大小超过虚拟机预算”。


读取位图尺寸和类型

BitmapFactory类提供了几种解码方法(decodeByteArray(), decodeFile(), decodeResource()等),用于从各种来源创建位图。根据您的图像数据源选择最合适的解码方法。这些方法试图为构造的位图分配内存,因此很容易导致OutOfMemory异常。每种类型的解码方法都有额外的签名,允许您通过BitmapFactory指定解码选项。选择类。在解码时,将inJustDecodeBounds属性设置为true,避免内存分配,位图对象返回null,但设置outidth, outHeight和outMimeType。这种技术允许您在构造(和内存分配)位图之前读取图像数据的尺寸和类型。

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.id.myimage, options);
int imageHeight = options.outHeight;
int imageWidth = options.outWidth;
String imageType = options.outMimeType;

为了避免java.lang.OutOfMemory异常,在解码位图之前请检查位图的尺寸,除非您完全相信源代码能够为您提供可预测大小的图像数据,并且这些图像数据可以很好地适应可用内存。


将缩小的版本加载到内存中

既然知道了图像尺寸,就可以使用它们来决定是否应该将完整的图像加载到内存中,还是应该加载子采样版本。以下是一些需要考虑的因素:

估计在内存中加载完整图像的内存使用情况。 给定应用程序的任何其他内存需求,您愿意用于加载此映像的内存量。 图像要加载到的目标ImageView或UI组件的尺寸。 屏幕大小和当前设备的密度。

例如,如果最终将在ImageView中以128x96像素的缩略图显示,则不值得将1024x768像素的图像加载到内存中。

要告诉解码器对图像进行子采样,将较小的版本加载到内存中,在BitmapFactory中将inSampleSize设置为true。选择对象。例如,使用inSampleSize为4进行解码的分辨率为2048x1536的图像将生成大约512x384的位图。将其加载到内存中需要0.75MB,而不是完整图像的12MB(假设位图配置为ARGB_8888)。下面是一个基于目标宽度和高度的2的幂来计算样本大小值的方法:

public static int calculateInSampleSize(
        BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        final int halfHeight = height / 2;
        final int halfWidth = width / 2;

        // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
        // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
        while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
                && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
    }

    return inSampleSize;
}

注意:由于解码器使用的是2的幂 最后的值,舍入到最接近的2的幂,按照 inSampleSize文档。

要使用此方法,首先将inJustDecodeBounds设置为true进行解码,传递选项,然后使用新的inSampleSizevalue和injustdecodeboundsset设置为false '进行解码:

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
    int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
}

这个方法可以很容易地将任意大小的位图加载到显示100x100像素缩略图的ImageView中,如下面的示例代码所示:

mImageView.setImageBitmap(
    decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.id.myimage, 100, 100));

您可以按照类似的过程来解码来自其他来源的位图,方法是根据需要替换适当的BitmapFactory.decode*方法。


这对我很管用!

public Bitmap readAssetsBitmap(String filename) throws IOException {
    try {
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); 
        options.inPurgeable = true;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(assets.open(filename), null, options);
        if(bitmap == null) {
            throw new IOException("File cannot be opened: It's value is null");
        } else {
            return bitmap;
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new IOException("File cannot be opened: " + e.getMessage());
    }
}

这样的OutofMemoryException不能通过调用System.gc()等完全解决。

通过参考活动生命周期

Activity状态由操作系统本身决定,取决于每个进程的内存使用情况和每个进程的优先级。

您可以考虑使用的每个位图图片的大小和分辨率。我建议减小尺寸,重新采样到低分辨率,参考图库的设计(一张小图片PNG,一张原始图片)。


此问题只发生在Android模拟器中。我在模拟器中也遇到过这个问题,但当我签入设备时,它工作得很好。

所以请签入设备。它可以在设备中运行。


最近我看到了很多关于OOM异常和缓存的问题。开发人员指南中有一篇关于这方面的非常好的文章,但有些人往往无法以合适的方式实现它。

因此,我编写了一个示例应用程序,演示了Android环境中的缓存。这个实现还没有得到一个OOM。

在答案的末尾可以找到源代码的链接。

要求:

Android API 2.1或更高版本(我根本无法在API 1.6中为应用程序获得可用内存-这是API 1.6中唯一不能工作的代码段) Android支持包

特点:

如果方向改变,使用单例保存缓存 将分配的应用程序内存的八分之一用于缓存(如果需要可以修改) 大的位图缩放(您可以定义您想要允许的最大像素) 控制在下载位图之前是否有可用的互联网连接 确保每行只实例化一个任务 如果你扔掉ListView,它就不会下载中间的位图

这不包括:

磁盘缓存。这应该很容易实现-只要指向一个不同的任务,从磁盘获取位图

示例代码:

正在下载的图像是来自Flickr的图像(75x75)。然而,不管你想处理什么图像url,如果它超过最大值,应用程序就会缩小它。在这个应用程序中,url只是一个字符串数组。

LruCache有一个处理位图的好方法。但是,在这个应用程序中,我将一个LruCache实例放在我创建的另一个缓存类中,以便使应用程序更加可行。

Cache.java的关键内容(loadBitmap()方法是最重要的):

public Cache(int size, int maxWidth, int maxHeight) {
    // Into the constructor you add the maximum pixels
    // that you want to allow in order to not scale images.
    mMaxWidth = maxWidth;
    mMaxHeight = maxHeight;

    mBitmapCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(size) {
        protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap b) {
            // Assuming that one pixel contains four bytes.
            return b.getHeight() * b.getWidth() * 4;
        }
    };

    mCurrentTasks = new ArrayList<String>();    
}

/**
 * Gets a bitmap from cache. 
 * If it is not in cache, this method will:
 * 
 * 1: check if the bitmap url is currently being processed in the
 * BitmapLoaderTask and cancel if it is already in a task (a control to see
 * if it's inside the currentTasks list).
 * 
 * 2: check if an internet connection is available and continue if so.
 * 
 * 3: download the bitmap, scale the bitmap if necessary and put it into
 * the memory cache.
 * 
 * 4: Remove the bitmap url from the currentTasks list.
 * 
 * 5: Notify the ListAdapter.
 * 
 * @param mainActivity - Reference to activity object, in order to
 * call notifyDataSetChanged() on the ListAdapter.
 * @param imageKey - The bitmap url (will be the key).
 * @param imageView - The ImageView that should get an
 * available bitmap or a placeholder image.
 * @param isScrolling - If set to true, we skip executing more tasks since
 * the user probably has flinged away the view.
 */
public void loadBitmap(MainActivity mainActivity, 
        String imageKey, ImageView imageView,
        boolean isScrolling) {
    final Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromCache(imageKey); 

    if (bitmap != null) {
        imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
    } else {
        imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
        if (!isScrolling && !mCurrentTasks.contains(imageKey) && 
                mainActivity.internetIsAvailable()) {
            BitmapLoaderTask task = new BitmapLoaderTask(imageKey,
                    mainActivity.getAdapter());
            task.execute();
        }
    } 
}

您不需要在Cache.java文件中编辑任何内容,除非您想实现磁盘缓存。

java的关键部分:

public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) {
    if (view.getId() == android.R.id.list) {
        // Set scrolling to true only if the user has flinged the       
        // ListView away, hence we skip downloading a series
        // of unnecessary bitmaps that the user probably
        // just want to skip anyways. If we scroll slowly it
        // will still download bitmaps - that means
        // that the application won't wait for the user
        // to lift its finger off the screen in order to
        // download.
        if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_FLING) {
            mIsScrolling = true;
        } else {
            mIsScrolling = false;
            mListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    } 
}

// Inside ListAdapter...
@Override
public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {           
    View row = convertView;
    final ViewHolder holder;

    if (row == null) {
        LayoutInflater inflater = getLayoutInflater();
        row = inflater.inflate(R.layout.main_listview_row, parent, false);  
        holder = new ViewHolder(row);
        row.setTag(holder);
    } else {
        holder = (ViewHolder) row.getTag();
    }   

    final Row rowObject = getItem(position);

    // Look at the loadBitmap() method description...
    holder.mTextView.setText(rowObject.mText);      
    mCache.loadBitmap(MainActivity.this,
            rowObject.mBitmapUrl, holder.mImageView,
            mIsScrolling);  

    return row;
}

getView()经常被调用。如果我们没有实现检查,以确保我们不会在每行启动无限数量的线程,那么在那里下载图像通常不是一个好主意。Cache.java检查rowObject。mBitmapUrl已经在一个任务,如果它是,它不会开始另一个任务。因此,我们很可能不会超过AsyncTask池的工作队列限制。

下载:

您可以从https://www.dropbox.com/s/pvr9zyl811tfeem/ListViewImageCache.zip下载源代码。


最后一句话:

我已经测试了这个几个星期了,我还没有得到一个OOM异常。我已经在模拟器、我的Nexus One和Nexus s上测试了这个功能。我测试了包含高清图像的图像url。唯一的瓶颈是下载需要更多的时间。

只有一种可能的情况下,我可以想象OOM将会出现,那就是如果我们下载许多非常大的图像,在它们被缩放并放入缓存之前,将同时占用更多的内存并导致OOM。但无论如何,这都不是一个理想的情况,而且很可能不可能以更可行的方式解决。

在评论中报告错误!: -)


这对我很有用。

Bitmap myBitmap;

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); 
options.InPurgeable = true;
options.OutHeight = 50;
options.OutWidth = 50;
options.InSampleSize = 4;

File imgFile = new File(filepath);
myBitmap = BitmapFactory.DecodeFile(imgFile.AbsolutePath, options);

这是在c# monodroid上。 您可以轻松地更改图像的路径。这里重要的是要设置的选项。


这段代码将有助于从可绘制的图中加载大的位图

public class BitmapUtilsTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Void, Bitmap> {

    Context context;

    public BitmapUtilsTask(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    /**
     * Loads a bitmap from the specified url.
     * 
     * @param url The location of the bitmap asset
     * @return The bitmap, or null if it could not be loaded
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws MalformedURLException
     */
    public Bitmap getBitmap() throws MalformedURLException, IOException {       

        // Get the source image's dimensions
        int desiredWidth = 1000;
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.green_background , options);

        int srcWidth = options.outWidth;
        int srcHeight = options.outHeight;

        // Only scale if the source is big enough. This code is just trying
        // to fit a image into a certain width.
        if (desiredWidth > srcWidth)
            desiredWidth = srcWidth;

        // Calculate the correct inSampleSize/scale value. This helps reduce
        // memory use. It should be a power of 2
        int inSampleSize = 1;
        while (srcWidth / 2 > desiredWidth) {
            srcWidth /= 2;
            srcHeight /= 2;
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
        // Decode with inSampleSize
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inDither = false;
        options.inSampleSize = inSampleSize;
        options.inScaled = false;
        options.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;
        options.inPurgeable = true;
        Bitmap sampledSrcBitmap;

        sampledSrcBitmap =  BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), R.drawable.green_background , options);

        return sampledSrcBitmap;
    }

    /**
     * The system calls this to perform work in a worker thread and delivers
     * it the parameters given to AsyncTask.execute()
     */
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Object... item) {
        try { 
          return getBitmap();
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

这似乎是与社区分享我的加载和处理图像的实用工具类的合适地方,欢迎您自由使用和修改它。

package com.emil;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;

/**
 * A class to load and process images of various sizes from input streams and file paths.
 * 
 * @author Emil http://stackoverflow.com/users/220710/emil
 *
 */
public class ImageProcessing {

    public static Bitmap getBitmap(InputStream stream, int sampleSize, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig) throws IOException{
        BitmapFactory.Options options=ImageProcessing.getOptionsForSampling(sampleSize, bitmapConfig);
        Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream,null,options);
        if(ImageProcessing.checkDecode(options)){
            return bm;
        }else{
            throw new IOException("Image decoding failed, using stream.");
        }
    }

    public static Bitmap getBitmap(String imgPath, int sampleSize, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig) throws IOException{
        BitmapFactory.Options options=ImageProcessing.getOptionsForSampling(sampleSize, bitmapConfig);
        Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgPath,options);
        if(ImageProcessing.checkDecode(options)){
            return bm;
        }else{
            throw new IOException("Image decoding failed, using file path.");
        }
    }

    public static Dimensions getDimensions(InputStream stream) throws IOException{
        BitmapFactory.Options options=ImageProcessing.getOptionsForDimensions();
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(stream,null,options);
        if(ImageProcessing.checkDecode(options)){
            return new ImageProcessing.Dimensions(options.outWidth,options.outHeight);
        }else{
            throw new IOException("Image decoding failed, using stream.");
        }
    }

    public static Dimensions getDimensions(String imgPath) throws IOException{
        BitmapFactory.Options options=ImageProcessing.getOptionsForDimensions();
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imgPath,options);
        if(ImageProcessing.checkDecode(options)){
            return new ImageProcessing.Dimensions(options.outWidth,options.outHeight);
        }else{
            throw new IOException("Image decoding failed, using file path.");
        }
    }

    private static boolean checkDecode(BitmapFactory.Options options){
        // Did decode work?
        if( options.outWidth<0 || options.outHeight<0 ){
            return false;
        }else{
            return true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates a Bitmap that is of the minimum dimensions necessary
     * @param bm
     * @param min
     * @return
     */
    public static Bitmap createMinimalBitmap(Bitmap bm, ImageProcessing.Minimize min){
        int newWidth, newHeight;
        switch(min.type){
        case WIDTH:
            if(bm.getWidth()>min.minWidth){
                newWidth=min.minWidth;
                newHeight=ImageProcessing.getScaledHeight(newWidth, bm);
            }else{
                // No resize
                newWidth=bm.getWidth();
                newHeight=bm.getHeight();
            }
            break;
        case HEIGHT:
            if(bm.getHeight()>min.minHeight){
                newHeight=min.minHeight;
                newWidth=ImageProcessing.getScaledWidth(newHeight, bm);
            }else{
                // No resize
                newWidth=bm.getWidth();
                newHeight=bm.getHeight();
            }
            break;
        case BOTH: // minimize to the maximum dimension
        case MAX:
            if(bm.getHeight()>bm.getWidth()){
                // Height needs to minimized
                min.minDim=min.minDim!=null ? min.minDim : min.minHeight;
                if(bm.getHeight()>min.minDim){
                    newHeight=min.minDim;
                    newWidth=ImageProcessing.getScaledWidth(newHeight, bm);
                }else{
                    // No resize
                    newWidth=bm.getWidth();
                    newHeight=bm.getHeight();
                }
            }else{
                // Width needs to be minimized
                min.minDim=min.minDim!=null ? min.minDim : min.minWidth;
                if(bm.getWidth()>min.minDim){
                    newWidth=min.minDim;
                    newHeight=ImageProcessing.getScaledHeight(newWidth, bm);
                }else{
                    // No resize
                    newWidth=bm.getWidth();
                    newHeight=bm.getHeight();
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            // No resize
            newWidth=bm.getWidth();
            newHeight=bm.getHeight();
        }
        return Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(bm, newWidth, newHeight, true);
    }

    public static int getScaledWidth(int height, Bitmap bm){
        return (int)(((double)bm.getWidth()/bm.getHeight())*height);
    }

    public static int getScaledHeight(int width, Bitmap bm){
        return (int)(((double)bm.getHeight()/bm.getWidth())*width);
    }

    /**
     * Get the proper sample size to meet minimization restraints
     * @param dim
     * @param min
     * @param multipleOf2 for fastest processing it is recommended that the sample size be a multiple of 2
     * @return
     */
    public static int getSampleSize(ImageProcessing.Dimensions dim, ImageProcessing.Minimize min, boolean multipleOf2){
        switch(min.type){
        case WIDTH:
            return ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.width, min.minWidth, multipleOf2);
        case HEIGHT:
            return ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.height, min.minHeight, multipleOf2);
        case BOTH:
            int widthMaxSampleSize=ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.width, min.minWidth, multipleOf2);
            int heightMaxSampleSize=ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.height, min.minHeight, multipleOf2);
            // Return the smaller of the two
            if(widthMaxSampleSize<heightMaxSampleSize){
                return widthMaxSampleSize;
            }else{
                return heightMaxSampleSize;
            }
        case MAX:
            // Find the larger dimension and go bases on that
            if(dim.width>dim.height){
                return ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.width, min.minDim, multipleOf2);
            }else{
                return ImageProcessing.getMaxSampleSize(dim.height, min.minDim, multipleOf2);
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }

    public static int getMaxSampleSize(int dim, int min, boolean multipleOf2){
        int add=multipleOf2 ? 2 : 1;
        int size=0;
        while(min<(dim/(size+add))){
            size+=add;
        }
        size = size==0 ? 1 : size;
        return size;        
    }

    public static class Dimensions {
        int width;
        int height;

        public Dimensions(int width, int height) {
            super();
            this.width = width;
            this.height = height;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return width+" x "+height;
        }
    }

    public static class Minimize {
        public enum Type {
            WIDTH,HEIGHT,BOTH,MAX
        }
        Integer minWidth;
        Integer minHeight;
        Integer minDim;
        Type type;

        public Minimize(int min, Type type) {
            super();
            this.type = type;
            switch(type){
            case WIDTH:
                this.minWidth=min;
                break;
            case HEIGHT:
                this.minHeight=min;
                break;
            case BOTH:
                this.minWidth=min;
                this.minHeight=min;
                break;
            case MAX:
                this.minDim=min;
                break;
            }
        }

        public Minimize(int minWidth, int minHeight) {
            super();
            this.type=Type.BOTH;
            this.minWidth = minWidth;
            this.minHeight = minHeight;
        }

    }

    /**
     * Estimates size of Bitmap in bytes depending on dimensions and Bitmap.Config
     * @param width
     * @param height
     * @param config
     * @return
     */
    public static long estimateBitmapBytes(int width, int height, Bitmap.Config config){
        long pixels=width*height;
        switch(config){
        case ALPHA_8: // 1 byte per pixel
            return pixels;
        case ARGB_4444: // 2 bytes per pixel, but depreciated
            return pixels*2;
        case ARGB_8888: // 4 bytes per pixel
            return pixels*4;
        case RGB_565: // 2 bytes per pixel
            return pixels*2;
        default:
            return pixels;
        }
    }

    private static BitmapFactory.Options getOptionsForDimensions(){
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds=true;
        return options;
    }

    private static BitmapFactory.Options getOptionsForSampling(int sampleSize, Bitmap.Config bitmapConfig){
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        options.inDither = false;
        options.inSampleSize = sampleSize;
        options.inScaled = false;
        options.inPreferredConfig = bitmapConfig;
        return options;
    }
}

一般安卓设备堆大小只有16MB(不同设备/操作系统见后堆大小),如果你正在加载图像,它超过16MB的大小,它会抛出内存异常,而不是使用位图,从SD卡或资源甚至从网络加载图像尝试使用getImageUri,加载位图需要更多的内存,或者你可以设置位图为空,如果你的工作与该位图。


我认为避免OutOfMemoryError的最好方法是面对它并理解它。

我做了一个应用程序,故意引起OutOfMemoryError,并监控内存使用情况。

在对这个App做了大量的实验之后,我得到了以下结论:

在Honey Comb之前,我先谈谈SDK版本。

位图存储在原生堆中,但它会自动被垃圾收集,调用recycle()是不必要的。 如果{VM堆大小}+{已分配的本机堆内存}>={设备的VM堆大小限制},并且您正在尝试创建位图,则会抛出OOM。 注意:计算的是虚拟机堆大小,而不是虚拟机已分配内存。 VM堆大小在增长后永远不会缩小,即使分配的VM内存减少了。 所以你必须保持VM内存的峰值尽可能低,以保持VM堆大小不会变得太大,以节省可用的内存位图。 手动调用system .gc()是没有意义的,系统会在尝试增加堆大小之前先调用它。 原生堆大小也永远不会缩小,但它不计入OOM,所以不用担心。

然后,让我们谈谈SDK从蜂巢开始。

位图存储在VM堆中,OOM不计算本机内存。 OOM的条件要简单得多:{虚拟机堆大小}>={设备的虚拟机堆大小限制}。 所以你有更多的可用内存来创建位图与相同的堆大小限制,OOM不太可能被抛出。

以下是我对垃圾收集和内存泄漏的一些观察。

你可以自己在App中看到它。如果一个Activity执行了一个AsyncTask,而这个AsyncTask在Activity被销毁后仍然在运行,那么这个Activity在AsyncTask完成之前不会被垃圾收集。

这是因为AsyncTask是一个匿名内部类的实例,它持有一个Activity的引用。

如果任务在后台线程的IO操作中被阻塞,调用AsyncTask.cancel(true)将不会停止执行。

回调也是匿名的内部类,所以如果项目中的静态实例持有它们并且不释放它们,内存就会泄漏。

如果你计划一个重复或延迟的任务,例如定时器,你不调用取消()和清除()在onPause(),内存将被泄漏。


我尝试了Thomas Vervest的方法,但是当IMAGE_MAX_SIZE为2048时,对于图像大小为2592x1944的图像,它返回1的比例。

根据其他人提供的所有其他评论,这个版本对我来说是有效的:

private Bitmap decodeFile (File f) {
    Bitmap b = null;
    try {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }

        int scale = 1;
        for (int size = Math.max (o.outHeight, o.outWidth); 
            (size>>(scale-1)) > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE; ++scale);

        // Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o2);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }
    return b;
}

这里有很好的答案,但我想要一个完全可用的类来解决这个问题。所以我做了一个。

这是我的BitmapHelper类,是OutOfMemoryError证明:-)

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;

import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Bitmap.Config;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Matrix;
import android.graphics.drawable.BitmapDrawable;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

public class BitmapHelper
{

    //decodes image and scales it to reduce memory consumption
    public static Bitmap decodeFile(File bitmapFile, int requiredWidth, int requiredHeight, boolean quickAndDirty)
    {
        try
        {
            //Decode image size
            BitmapFactory.Options bitmapSizeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            bitmapSizeOptions.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(bitmapFile), null, bitmapSizeOptions);

            // load image using inSampleSize adapted to required image size
            BitmapFactory.Options bitmapDecodeOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inTempStorage = new byte[16 * 1024];
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inSampleSize = computeInSampleSize(bitmapSizeOptions, requiredWidth, requiredHeight, false);
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inPurgeable = true;
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inDither = !quickAndDirty;
            bitmapDecodeOptions.inPreferredConfig = quickAndDirty ? Bitmap.Config.RGB_565 : Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;

            Bitmap decodedBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(bitmapFile), null, bitmapDecodeOptions);

            // scale bitmap to mathc required size (and keep aspect ratio)

            float srcWidth = (float) bitmapDecodeOptions.outWidth;
            float srcHeight = (float) bitmapDecodeOptions.outHeight;

            float dstWidth = (float) requiredWidth;
            float dstHeight = (float) requiredHeight;

            float srcAspectRatio = srcWidth / srcHeight;
            float dstAspectRatio = dstWidth / dstHeight;

            // recycleDecodedBitmap is used to know if we must recycle intermediary 'decodedBitmap'
            // (DO NOT recycle it right away: wait for end of bitmap manipulation process to avoid
            // java.lang.RuntimeException: Canvas: trying to use a recycled bitmap android.graphics.Bitmap@416ee7d8
            // I do not excatly understand why, but this way it's OK

            boolean recycleDecodedBitmap = false;

            Bitmap scaledBitmap = decodedBitmap;
            if (srcAspectRatio < dstAspectRatio)
            {
                scaledBitmap = getScaledBitmap(decodedBitmap, (int) dstWidth, (int) (srcHeight * (dstWidth / srcWidth)));
                // will recycle recycleDecodedBitmap
                recycleDecodedBitmap = true;
            }
            else if (srcAspectRatio > dstAspectRatio)
            {
                scaledBitmap = getScaledBitmap(decodedBitmap, (int) (srcWidth * (dstHeight / srcHeight)), (int) dstHeight);
                recycleDecodedBitmap = true;
            }

            // crop image to match required image size

            int scaledBitmapWidth = scaledBitmap.getWidth();
            int scaledBitmapHeight = scaledBitmap.getHeight();

            Bitmap croppedBitmap = scaledBitmap;

            if (scaledBitmapWidth > requiredWidth)
            {
                int xOffset = (scaledBitmapWidth - requiredWidth) / 2;
                croppedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledBitmap, xOffset, 0, requiredWidth, requiredHeight);
                scaledBitmap.recycle();
            }
            else if (scaledBitmapHeight > requiredHeight)
            {
                int yOffset = (scaledBitmapHeight - requiredHeight) / 2;
                croppedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(scaledBitmap, 0, yOffset, requiredWidth, requiredHeight);
                scaledBitmap.recycle();
            }

            if (recycleDecodedBitmap)
            {
                decodedBitmap.recycle();
            }
            decodedBitmap = null;

            scaledBitmap = null;
            return croppedBitmap;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * compute powerOf2 or exact scale to be used as {@link BitmapFactory.Options#inSampleSize} value (for subSampling)
     * 
     * @param requiredWidth
     * @param requiredHeight
     * @param powerOf2
     *            weither we want a power of 2 sclae or not
     * @return
     */
    public static int computeInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int dstWidth, int dstHeight, boolean powerOf2)
    {
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        // Raw height and width of image
        final int srcHeight = options.outHeight;
        final int srcWidth = options.outWidth;

        if (powerOf2)
        {
            //Find the correct scale value. It should be the power of 2.

            int tmpWidth = srcWidth, tmpHeight = srcHeight;
            while (true)
            {
                if (tmpWidth / 2 < dstWidth || tmpHeight / 2 < dstHeight)
                    break;
                tmpWidth /= 2;
                tmpHeight /= 2;
                inSampleSize *= 2;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) srcHeight / (float) dstHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) srcWidth / (float) dstWidth);

            // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee
            // a final image with both dimensions larger than or equal to the
            // requested height and width.
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;
        }

        return inSampleSize;
    }

    public static Bitmap drawableToBitmap(Drawable drawable)
    {
        if (drawable instanceof BitmapDrawable)
        {
            return ((BitmapDrawable) drawable).getBitmap();
        }

        Bitmap bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(drawable.getIntrinsicWidth(), drawable.getIntrinsicHeight(), Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas canvas = new Canvas(bitmap);
        drawable.setBounds(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
        drawable.draw(canvas);

        return bitmap;
    }

    public static Bitmap getScaledBitmap(Bitmap bitmap, int newWidth, int newHeight)
    {
        int width = bitmap.getWidth();
        int height = bitmap.getHeight();
        float scaleWidth = ((float) newWidth) / width;
        float scaleHeight = ((float) newHeight) / height;

        // CREATE A MATRIX FOR THE MANIPULATION
        Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
        // RESIZE THE BIT MAP
        matrix.postScale(scaleWidth, scaleHeight);

        // RECREATE THE NEW BITMAP
        Bitmap resizedBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, false);
        return resizedBitmap;
    }

}

在我的一个应用程序中,我需要从相机/画廊中拍照。如果用户从相机点击图像(可能是200万,500万或800万),图像大小从kBs到mb不等。如果图像大小较小(或高达1-2MB)以上代码工作正常,但如果我有图像的大小超过4MB或5MB,然后OOM进入帧:(

然后我努力解决这个问题,最后我对Fedor的(所有功劳都归功于Fedor,因为它是一个很好的解决方案)代码做出了以下改进:)

private Bitmap decodeFile(String fPath) {
    // Decode image size
    BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    /*
     * If set to true, the decoder will return null (no bitmap), but the
     * out... fields will still be set, allowing the caller to query the
     * bitmap without having to allocate the memory for its pixels.
     */
    opts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    opts.inDither = false; // Disable Dithering mode
    opts.inPurgeable = true; // Tell to gc that whether it needs free
                                // memory, the Bitmap can be cleared
    opts.inInputShareable = true; // Which kind of reference will be used to
                                    // recover the Bitmap data after being
                                    // clear, when it will be used in the
                                    // future

    BitmapFactory.decodeFile(fPath, opts);

    // The new size we want to scale to
    final int REQUIRED_SIZE = 70;

    // Find the correct scale value. 
    int scale = 1;

    if (opts.outHeight > REQUIRED_SIZE || opts.outWidth > REQUIRED_SIZE) {

        // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
        final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) opts.outHeight
                / (float) REQUIRED_SIZE);
        final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) opts.outWidth
                / (float) REQUIRED_SIZE);

        // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee
        // a final image with both dimensions larger than or equal to the
        // requested height and width.
        scale = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;//
    }

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    opts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;

    opts.inSampleSize = scale;

    Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(fPath, opts).copy(
            Bitmap.Config.RGB_565, false);

    return bm;

}

希望这篇文章能对面临同样问题的朋友有所帮助!

欲了解更多,请参考此


在将位图设置为imageview后,像这样回收它:

bitmap.recycle();
bitmap=null;

我的2美分:我用位图解决了我的OOM错误:

A)把我的图像放大2倍

b)使用毕加索库在我的自定义适配器的ListView,与getView像这样的一个调用:毕加索.with(context).load(R.id.myImage).into(R.id.myImageView);


BitmapFactory.Options options = new Options();
options.inSampleSize = 32;
//img = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageids[position], options);

Bitmap theImage = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(imageStream,null, options);
Bitmap img=theImage.copy(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565,true);
theImage.recycle();
theImage = null;
System.gc();
//ivlogdp.setImageBitmap(img);
Runtime.getRuntime().gc();

使用这个概念,这将帮助你,之后设置imagebitmap在图像视图

public static Bitmap convertBitmap(String path)   {

        Bitmap bitmap=null;
        BitmapFactory.Options bfOptions=new BitmapFactory.Options();
        bfOptions.inDither=false;                     //Disable Dithering mode
        bfOptions.inPurgeable=true;                   //Tell to gc that whether it needs free memory, the Bitmap can be cleared
        bfOptions.inInputShareable=true;              //Which kind of reference will be used to recover the Bitmap data after being clear, when it will be used in the future
        bfOptions.inTempStorage=new byte[32 * 1024]; 


        File file=new File(path);
        FileInputStream fs=null;
        try {
            fs = new FileInputStream(file);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        try {
            if(fs!=null)
            {
                bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fs.getFD(), null, bfOptions);
            }
            } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally{ 
            if(fs!=null) {
                try {
                    fs.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

        return bitmap;
    }

如果你想用高度和宽度分别为60和60的大图制作小图,并快速滚动列表视图,那么就使用这个概念

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromPath(String path, int reqWidth,
            int reqHeight) {

        final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, options);

        options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth,
                reqHeight);

        // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path, options);
        return bmp;
        }

    public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
            int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {
            if (width > height) {
                inSampleSize = Math.round((float) height / (float) reqHeight);
            } else {
                inSampleSize = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);
             }
         }
         return inSampleSize;
        }

我希望它能对你有很大帮助。

你可以从开发者网站获得帮助


这里的所有解决方案都需要设置IMAGE_MAX_SIZE。这限制了硬件更强大的设备,如果图像尺寸太小,在高清屏幕上看起来会很难看。

我想出了一个解决方案,它适用于我的三星Galaxy S3和其他几台设备(包括功能不太强大的设备),当使用功能更强大的设备时,图像质量会更好。

它的要点是计算在特定设备上分配给应用程序的最大内存,然后将规模设置为尽可能低的,而不超过这个内存。代码如下:

public static Bitmap decodeFile(File f)
{
    Bitmap b = null;
    try
    {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
        try
        {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o);
        }
        finally
        {
            fis.close();
        }

        // In Samsung Galaxy S3, typically max memory is 64mb
        // Camera max resolution is 3264 x 2448, times 4 to get Bitmap memory of 30.5mb for one bitmap
        // If we use scale of 2, resolution will be halved, 1632 x 1224 and x 4 to get Bitmap memory of 7.62mb
        // We try use 25% memory which equals to 16mb maximum for one bitmap
        long maxMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
        int maxMemoryForImage = (int) (maxMemory / 100 * 25);

        // Refer to
        // http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/cache-bitmap.html
        // A full screen GridView filled with images on a device with
        // 800x480 resolution would use around 1.5MB (800*480*4 bytes)
        // When bitmap option's inSampleSize doubled, pixel height and
        // weight both reduce in half
        int scale = 1;
        while ((o.outWidth / scale) * (o.outHeight / scale) * 4 > maxMemoryForImage)
        scale *= 2;

        // Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        fis = new FileInputStream(f);
        try
        {
            b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o2);
        }
        finally
        {
            fis.close();
        }
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
    }
    return b;
}

我将此位图使用的最大内存设置为最大已分配内存的25%,您可能需要根据需要进行调整,并确保此位图被清理,并且当您使用完它时,它不会停留在内存中。通常我使用这段代码来执行图像旋转(源和目标位图),所以我的应用程序需要同时在内存中加载2个位图,25%给了我一个很好的缓冲区,而不会在执行图像旋转时耗尽内存。

希望这能帮助到一些人。


嗨,请访问链接http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/index.html

或者只是尝试用给定的函数检索位图

private Bitmap decodeBitmapFile (File f) {
    Bitmap bitmap = null;
    try {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }

        int scale = 1;
        for (int size = Math.max (o.outHeight, o.outWidth); 
            (size>>(scale-1)) > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE; ++scale);

        // Decode with input-stram SampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            bitmap  = BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o2);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }
    return bitmap ;
}

要修复OutOfMemory,你应该这样做,请尝试这段代码

public Bitmap loadBitmap(String URL, BitmapFactory.Options options) {
                Bitmap bitmap = null;
                InputStream in = null;
                options.inSampleSize=4;
                try {
                    in = OpenHttpConnection(URL);
                    Log.e("In====>", in+"");
                    bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in, null, options);
                    Log.e("URL====>", bitmap+"");

                    in.close();
                } catch (IOException e1) {
                }
                return bitmap;
            }

and

try {
                    BitmapFactory.Options bmOptions;
                    bmOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
                    bmOptions.inSampleSize = 1;
                    if(studentImage != null){
                        galleryThumbnail= loadBitmap(IMAGE_URL+studentImage, bmOptions);    
                    }

                    galleryThumbnail=getResizedBitmap(galleryThumbnail, imgEditStudentPhoto.getHeight(), imgEditStudentPhoto.getWidth());
                    Log.e("Image_Url==>",IMAGE_URL+studentImage+"");

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

使用这些代码为每一个图像在选择从SdCard或可绘制转换位图对象。

Resources res = getResources();
WindowManager window = (WindowManager) getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
Display display = window.getDefaultDisplay();
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
int width = display.getWidth();
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
int height = display.getHeight();
try {
    if (bitmap != null) {
        bitmap.recycle();
        bitmap = null;
        System.gc();
    }
    bitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapFactory
        .decodeFile(ImageData_Path.get(img_pos).getPath()),
        width, height, true);
} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
    if (bitmap != null) {
        bitmap.recycle();
        bitmap = null;
        System.gc();
    }
    BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inPreferredConfig = Config.RGB_565;
    options.inSampleSize = 1;
    options.inPurgeable = true;
    bitmapBitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeFile(ImageData_Path.get(img_pos)
        .getPath().toString(), options), width, height,true);
}
return bitmap;

使用ImageData_Path.get(img_pos). getpath()的图像路径instend。


看起来你用的图片尺寸很大。所以一些旧的设备崩溃是因为堆内存满了。在旧设备(蜂窝或ICS或任何低端型号设备)尝试使用android:largeHeap="true"在清单文件下的应用程序标签或通过使用下面的代码减少位图的大小。

Bitmap bMap;
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); 
options.InSampleSize = 8;
bMap= BitmapFactory.DecodeFile(imgFile.AbsolutePath, options);

你也可以给4或12或16来减少位图的大小


不幸的是,如果以上都不起作用,那么将此添加到您的清单文件。应用程序内部标签

 <application
         android:largeHeap="true"

如果你像我一样懒,你可以开始使用毕加索库加载图像。

Picasso.with(context).load(R.drawable.landing_screen).into(imageView1);
Picasso.with(context).load("file:///android_asset/DvpvklR.png").into(imageView2);
Picasso.with(context).load(new File(...)).into(imageView3);

我使用解码文件描述符,它为我工作:

 FileInputStream  fileInputStream = null;
        try {
            fileInputStream  = new FileInputStream(file);
             FileDescriptor fd = fileInputStream.getFD();
            Bitmap imageBitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromDescriptor(fd , 612,
                    816);
            imageView.setImageBitmap(imageBitmap);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fileInputStream != null){
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

从文件描述符解码采样位图的代码:

 /**
     * Decode and sample down a bitmap from a file input stream to the requested width and height.
     *
     * @param fileDescriptor The file descriptor to read from
     * @param reqWidth       The requested width of the resulting bitmap
     * @param reqHeight      The requested height of the resulting bitmap
     * @return A bitmap sampled down from the original with the same aspect ratio and dimensions
     * that are equal to or greater than the requested width and height
     */
    public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromDescriptor(
            FileDescriptor fileDescriptor, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

        // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
        final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, options);

        // Calculate inSampleSize
        options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

        // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, options);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate an inSampleSize for use in a {@link android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options} object when decoding
     * bitmaps using the decode* methods from {@link android.graphics.BitmapFactory}. This implementation calculates
     * the closest inSampleSize that will result in the final decoded bitmap having a width and
     * height equal to or larger than the requested width and height. This implementation does not
     * ensure a power of 2 is returned for inSampleSize which can be faster when decoding but
     * results in a larger bitmap which isn't as useful for caching purposes.
     *
     * @param options   An options object with out* params already populated (run through a decode*
     *                  method with inJustDecodeBounds==true
     * @param reqWidth  The requested width of the resulting bitmap
     * @param reqHeight The requested height of the resulting bitmap
     * @return The value to be used for inSampleSize
     */
    public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
                                            int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
        // Raw height and width of image
        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

            // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height / (float) reqHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);

            // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee a final image
            // with both dimensions larger than or equal to the requested height and width.
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;

            // This offers some additional logic in case the image has a strange
            // aspect ratio. For example, a panorama may have a much larger
            // width than height. In these cases the total pixels might still
            // end up being too large to fit comfortably in memory, so we should
            // be more aggressive with sample down the image (=larger inSampleSize).

            final float totalPixels = width * height;

            // Anything more than 2x the requested pixels we'll sample down further
            final float totalReqPixelsCap = reqWidth * reqHeight * 2;

            while (totalPixels / (inSampleSize * inSampleSize) > totalReqPixelsCap) {
                inSampleSize++;
            }
        }
        return inSampleSize;
    }

在浏览了所有的答案后,我惊讶地发现没有人提到用于处理图像的Glide API。伟大的库,并抽象出所有复杂的位图管理。使用这个库和一行代码就可以快速加载和调整图像大小。

     Glide.with(this).load(yourImageResource).into(imageview);

您可以在这里获得存储库:https://github.com/bumptech/glide


在manifest.xml文件中添加以下代码行:

<application

    android:hardwareAccelerated="false"
    android:largeHeap="true">

    <activity>
    </activity>

</application>

这将获得适当的位图并减少内存消耗

JAVA

Bitmap bm = null;

BitmapFactory.Options bmpOption = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bmpOption.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, bmpOption);
fis.close();

int scale = 1;

if (bmpOption.outHeight > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE || bmpOption.outWidth > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE) {
    scale = (int)Math.pow(2, (int) Math.ceil(Math.log(IMAGE_MAX_SIZE / 
       (double) Math.max(bmpOption.outHeight, bmpOption.outWidth)) / Math.log(0.5)));
}

BitmapFactory.Options bmpOption2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
bmpOption2.inSampleSize = scale;
fis = new FileInputStream(file);
bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, bmpOption2);
fis.close();

科特林

val bm:Bitmap = null
val bmpOption = BitmapFactory.Options()
bmpOption.inJustDecodeBounds = true
val fis = FileInputStream(file)
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, bmpOption)
fis.close()
val scale = 1
if (bmpOption.outHeight > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE || bmpOption.outWidth > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE)
{
  scale = Math.pow(2.0, Math.ceil((Math.log((IMAGE_MAX_SIZE / Math.max(bmpOption.outHeight, bmpOption.outWidth) as Double)) / Math.log(0.5))).toInt().toDouble()).toInt()
}
val bmpOption2 = BitmapFactory.Options()
bmpOption2.inSampleSize = scale
fis = FileInputStream(file)
bm = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, bmpOption2)
fis.close()

避免内存泄漏或位图OOM的最佳实践

不要为一个Context / Activity保留长时间的位图引用。 如果你在你的应用程序中使用一个大的位图作为背景或其他东西,那么不要把完整的图像拉到主存中。您可以使用位图的insample size属性来获取屏幕所需的大小。 清洁位图引用一旦不再使用。


我需要加载一个大尺寸的图像到位图,我使用Glide来解决这个问题。首先用BitmapFactory检查图像大小。选项使用injstdecodebounds设置为true,然后使用Glide获取位图对象。我使用分析器来检查内存使用情况,但我没有看到任何内存峰值,就像我使用BitmapFactory.decodeFile()时那样。 我是用c#写的,因为我使用Xamarin,所以需要在Java中使用一点小调整。 Glide库文档

private Bitmap DecodeFile(File file) {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        
        // setting inJustDecodeBounds to true won't load the file into memory, 
        // but gives you the actual file size.
        options.InJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeStream(new FileInputStream(file), null, options);
        int actualWidth = options.OutWidth;
        int actualHeight = options.OutHeight;
                
        var ratio = (double)actualHeight / actualWidth;

        // Default to 800 x 600. changed the size whatever you need.
        var desiredWidth = 800;
        var desiredHeight = 600;

        if(actualHeight > actualWidth)
        {
            var ratio = (double)actualWidth / actualHeight;
            var futureTarget = Glide.With(Application.Context)
                .AsBitmap()
                .Load(file)
                .SetDiskCacheStrategy(DiskCacheStrategy.None)
                .SkipMemoryCache(true)
                .Submit((int)(desiredWidth * ratio), desiredWidth);
            bitmap = futureTarget.Get() as Bitmap;
        }
        else
        {
            var ratio = (double)actualHeight / actualWidth;
            var futureTarget = Glide.With(Application.Context)
                .AsBitmap()
                .Load(file)
                .SetDiskCacheStrategy(DiskCacheStrategy.None)
                .SkipMemoryCache(true)
                .Submit(desiredWidth, (int)(desiredWidth * ratio));
            bitmap = futureTarget.Get() as Bitmap;
        }return bitmap;}