我使用解码文件描述符，它为我工作:

 FileInputStream  fileInputStream = null;
        try {
            fileInputStream  = new FileInputStream(file);
             FileDescriptor fd = fileInputStream.getFD();
            Bitmap imageBitmap = decodeSampledBitmapFromDescriptor(fd , 612,
                    816);
            imageView.setImageBitmap(imageBitmap);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(fileInputStream != null){
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

从文件描述符解码采样位图的代码:

 /**
     * Decode and sample down a bitmap from a file input stream to the requested width and height.
     *
     * @param fileDescriptor The file descriptor to read from
     * @param reqWidth       The requested width of the resulting bitmap
     * @param reqHeight      The requested height of the resulting bitmap
     * @return A bitmap sampled down from the original with the same aspect ratio and dimensions
     * that are equal to or greater than the requested width and height
     */
    public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromDescriptor(
            FileDescriptor fileDescriptor, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

        // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
        final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
        BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, options);

        // Calculate inSampleSize
        options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

        // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
        options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
        return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, options);
    }

    /**
     * Calculate an inSampleSize for use in a {@link android.graphics.BitmapFactory.Options} object when decoding
     * bitmaps using the decode* methods from {@link android.graphics.BitmapFactory}. This implementation calculates
     * the closest inSampleSize that will result in the final decoded bitmap having a width and
     * height equal to or larger than the requested width and height. This implementation does not
     * ensure a power of 2 is returned for inSampleSize which can be faster when decoding but
     * results in a larger bitmap which isn't as useful for caching purposes.
     *
     * @param options   An options object with out* params already populated (run through a decode*
     *                  method with inJustDecodeBounds==true
     * @param reqWidth  The requested width of the resulting bitmap
     * @param reqHeight The requested height of the resulting bitmap
     * @return The value to be used for inSampleSize
     */
    public static int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options,
                                            int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
        // Raw height and width of image
        final int height = options.outHeight;
        final int width = options.outWidth;
        int inSampleSize = 1;

        if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

            // Calculate ratios of height and width to requested height and width
            final int heightRatio = Math.round((float) height / (float) reqHeight);
            final int widthRatio = Math.round((float) width / (float) reqWidth);

            // Choose the smallest ratio as inSampleSize value, this will guarantee a final image
            // with both dimensions larger than or equal to the requested height and width.
            inSampleSize = heightRatio < widthRatio ? heightRatio : widthRatio;

            // This offers some additional logic in case the image has a strange
            // aspect ratio. For example, a panorama may have a much larger
            // width than height. In these cases the total pixels might still
            // end up being too large to fit comfortably in memory, so we should
            // be more aggressive with sample down the image (=larger inSampleSize).

            final float totalPixels = width * height;

            // Anything more than 2x the requested pixels we'll sample down further
            final float totalReqPixelsCap = reqWidth * reqHeight * 2;

            while (totalPixels / (inSampleSize * inSampleSize) > totalReqPixelsCap) {
                inSampleSize++;
            }
        }
        return inSampleSize;
    }

Android培训课程“高效显示位图”提供了一些很好的信息，用于理解和处理异常“java.lang.OutOfMemoryError:加载位图时，位图大小超过虚拟机预算”。

读取位图尺寸和类型

BitmapFactory类提供了几种解码方法(decodeByteArray()， decodeFile()， decodeResource()等)，用于从各种来源创建位图。根据您的图像数据源选择最合适的解码方法。这些方法试图为构造的位图分配内存，因此很容易导致OutOfMemory异常。每种类型的解码方法都有额外的签名，允许您通过BitmapFactory指定解码选项。选择类。在解码时，将inJustDecodeBounds属性设置为true，避免内存分配，位图对象返回null，但设置outidth, outHeight和outMimeType。这种技术允许您在构造(和内存分配)位图之前读取图像数据的尺寸和类型。

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.id.myimage, options);
int imageHeight = options.outHeight;
int imageWidth = options.outWidth;
String imageType = options.outMimeType;

为了避免java.lang.OutOfMemory异常，在解码位图之前请检查位图的尺寸，除非您完全相信源代码能够为您提供可预测大小的图像数据，并且这些图像数据可以很好地适应可用内存。

将缩小的版本加载到内存中

既然知道了图像尺寸，就可以使用它们来决定是否应该将完整的图像加载到内存中，还是应该加载子采样版本。以下是一些需要考虑的因素:

估计在内存中加载完整图像的内存使用情况。 给定应用程序的任何其他内存需求，您愿意用于加载此映像的内存量。 图像要加载到的目标ImageView或UI组件的尺寸。 屏幕大小和当前设备的密度。

例如，如果最终将在ImageView中以128x96像素的缩略图显示，则不值得将1024x768像素的图像加载到内存中。

要告诉解码器对图像进行子采样，将较小的版本加载到内存中，在BitmapFactory中将inSampleSize设置为true。选择对象。例如，使用inSampleSize为4进行解码的分辨率为2048x1536的图像将生成大约512x384的位图。将其加载到内存中需要0.75MB，而不是完整图像的12MB(假设位图配置为ARGB_8888)。下面是一个基于目标宽度和高度的2的幂来计算样本大小值的方法:

public static int calculateInSampleSize(
        BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // Raw height and width of image
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        final int halfHeight = height / 2;
        final int halfWidth = width / 2;

        // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and keeps both
        // height and width larger than the requested height and width.
        while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
                && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
    }

    return inSampleSize;
}

注意:由于解码器使用的是2的幂 最后的值，舍入到最接近的2的幂，按照 inSampleSize文档。

要使用此方法，首先将inJustDecodeBounds设置为true进行解码，传递选项，然后使用新的inSampleSizevalue和injustdecodeboundsset设置为false '进行解码:

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
    int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {

    // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions
    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);

    // Calculate inSampleSize
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
}

这个方法可以很容易地将任意大小的位图加载到显示100x100像素缩略图的ImageView中，如下面的示例代码所示:

mImageView.setImageBitmap(
    decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(getResources(), R.id.myimage, 100, 100));

您可以按照类似的过程来解码来自其他来源的位图，方法是根据需要替换适当的BitmapFactory.decode*方法。

使用这个bitmap.recycle();这有助于没有任何图像质量问题。

这对我很有用。

Bitmap myBitmap;

BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); 
options.InPurgeable = true;
options.OutHeight = 50;
options.OutWidth = 50;
options.InSampleSize = 4;

File imgFile = new File(filepath);
myBitmap = BitmapFactory.DecodeFile(imgFile.AbsolutePath, options);

这是在c# monodroid上。 您可以轻松地更改图像的路径。这里重要的是要设置的选项。

这里的所有解决方案都需要设置IMAGE_MAX_SIZE。这限制了硬件更强大的设备，如果图像尺寸太小，在高清屏幕上看起来会很难看。

我想出了一个解决方案，它适用于我的三星Galaxy S3和其他几台设备(包括功能不太强大的设备)，当使用功能更强大的设备时，图像质量会更好。

它的要点是计算在特定设备上分配给应用程序的最大内存，然后将规模设置为尽可能低的，而不超过这个内存。代码如下:

public static Bitmap decodeFile(File f)
{
    Bitmap b = null;
    try
    {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
        try
        {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o);
        }
        finally
        {
            fis.close();
        }

        // In Samsung Galaxy S3, typically max memory is 64mb
        // Camera max resolution is 3264 x 2448, times 4 to get Bitmap memory of 30.5mb for one bitmap
        // If we use scale of 2, resolution will be halved, 1632 x 1224 and x 4 to get Bitmap memory of 7.62mb
        // We try use 25% memory which equals to 16mb maximum for one bitmap
        long maxMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
        int maxMemoryForImage = (int) (maxMemory / 100 * 25);

        // Refer to
        // http://developer.android.com/training/displaying-bitmaps/cache-bitmap.html
        // A full screen GridView filled with images on a device with
        // 800x480 resolution would use around 1.5MB (800*480*4 bytes)
        // When bitmap option's inSampleSize doubled, pixel height and
        // weight both reduce in half
        int scale = 1;
        while ((o.outWidth / scale) * (o.outHeight / scale) * 4 > maxMemoryForImage)
        scale *= 2;

        // Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        fis = new FileInputStream(f);
        try
        {
            b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(fis, null, o2);
        }
        finally
        {
            fis.close();
        }
    }
    catch (IOException e)
    {
    }
    return b;
}

我将此位图使用的最大内存设置为最大已分配内存的25%，您可能需要根据需要进行调整，并确保此位图被清理，并且当您使用完它时，它不会停留在内存中。通常我使用这段代码来执行图像旋转(源和目标位图)，所以我的应用程序需要同时在内存中加载2个位图，25%给了我一个很好的缓冲区，而不会在执行图像旋转时耗尽内存。

希望这能帮助到一些人。

我尝试了Thomas Vervest的方法，但是当IMAGE_MAX_SIZE为2048时，对于图像大小为2592x1944的图像，它返回1的比例。

根据其他人提供的所有其他评论，这个版本对我来说是有效的:

private Bitmap decodeFile (File f) {
    Bitmap b = null;
    try {
        // Decode image size
        BitmapFactory.Options o = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o.inJustDecodeBounds = true;

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }

        int scale = 1;
        for (int size = Math.max (o.outHeight, o.outWidth); 
            (size>>(scale-1)) > IMAGE_MAX_SIZE; ++scale);

        // Decode with inSampleSize
        BitmapFactory.Options o2 = new BitmapFactory.Options ();
        o2.inSampleSize = scale;
        fis = new FileInputStream (f);
        try {
            b = BitmapFactory.decodeStream (fis, null, o2);
        } finally {
            fis.close ();
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
    }
    return b;
}