我有以下几点:
let mut my_number = 32.90;
如何打印my_number的类型?
使用type和type_of不起作用。有其他方法可以打印数字的类型吗?
我有以下几点:
let mut my_number = 32.90;
如何打印my_number的类型?
使用type和type_of不起作用。有其他方法可以打印数字的类型吗?
当前回答
**更新**最近没有被验证工作。
我把一个小板条箱一起做这个基于vbo的答案。它提供了一个宏来返回或打印类型。
把这个放在你的货物里。toml文件:
[dependencies]
t_bang = "0.1.2"
然后你可以这样使用它:
#[macro_use] extern crate t_bang;
use t_bang::*;
fn main() {
let x = 5;
let x_type = t!(x);
println!("{:?}", x_type); // prints out: "i32"
pt!(x); // prints out: "i32"
pt!(5); // prints out: "i32"
}
其他回答
您还可以使用println中的变量!("{:?}”,var)。如果没有为该类型实现Debug,则可以在编译器的错误消息中看到该类型:
mod some {
pub struct SomeType;
}
fn main() {
let unknown_var = some::SomeType;
println!("{:?}", unknown_var);
}
(游戏围栏)
虽然很脏,但很管用。
更新,原始答案如下
trait函数type_name如何,它对于快速获取类型名称非常有用。
pub trait AnyExt {
fn type_name(&self) -> &'static str;
}
impl<T> AnyExt for T {
fn type_name(&self) -> &'static str {
std::any::type_name::<T>()
}
}
fn main(){
let my_number = 32.90;
println!("{}",my_number.type_name());
}
输出:
f64
原来的答案
我写了一个宏type_of!()来调试,它来自std dbg!()。
pub fn type_of2<T>(v: T) -> (&'static str, T) {
(std::any::type_name::<T>(), v)
}
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! type_of {
// NOTE: We cannot use `concat!` to make a static string as a format argument
// of `eprintln!` because `file!` could contain a `{` or
// `$val` expression could be a block (`{ .. }`), in which case the `eprintln!`
// will be malformed.
() => {
eprintln!("[{}:{}]", file!(), line!());
};
($val:expr $(,)?) => {
// Use of `match` here is intentional because it affects the lifetimes
// of temporaries - https://stackoverflow.com/a/48732525/1063961
match $val {
tmp => {
let (type_,tmp) = $crate::type_of2(tmp);
eprintln!("[{}:{}] {}: {}",
file!(), line!(), stringify!($val), type_);
tmp
}
}
};
($($val:expr),+ $(,)?) => {
($($crate::type_of!($val)),+,)
};
}
fn main(){
let my_number = type_of!(32.90);
type_of!(my_number);
}
输出:
[src/main.rs:32] 32.90: f64
[src/main.rs:33] my_number: f64
如果你只是想找出一个变量的类型,并愿意在编译时执行,你可能会导致一个错误,并让编译器拾取它。
例如,将变量设置为一个无效的类型:
let mut my_number: () = 32.90;
// let () = x; would work too
error[E0308]: mismatched types
--> src/main.rs:2:29
|
2 | let mut my_number: () = 32.90;
| ^^^^^ expected (), found floating-point number
|
= note: expected type `()`
found type `{float}`
或者调用无效的方法:
let mut my_number = 32.90;
my_number.what_is_this();
error[E0599]: no method named `what_is_this` found for type `{float}` in the current scope
--> src/main.rs:3:15
|
3 | my_number.what_is_this();
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^
或访问无效字段:
let mut my_number = 32.90;
my_number.what_is_this
error[E0610]: `{float}` is a primitive type and therefore doesn't have fields
--> src/main.rs:3:15
|
3 | my_number.what_is_this
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^
These reveal the type, which in this case is actually not fully resolved. It’s called “floating-point variable” in the first example, and “{float}” in all three examples; this is a partially resolved type which could end up f32 or f64, depending on how you use it. “{float}” is not a legal type name, it’s a placeholder meaning “I’m not completely sure what this is”, but it is a floating-point number. In the case of floating-point variables, if you don't constrain it, it will default to f64¹. (An unqualified integer literal will default to i32.)
参见:
编译器错误消息中的{integer}或{float}是什么?
¹可能仍然有一些让编译器困惑的方法,使它无法在f32和f64之间做出决定;我不确定。它曾经像32.90.eq(&32.90)一样简单,但现在两者都被视为f64,并且可以愉快地进行,所以我不知道。
如果你事先知道所有的类型,你可以使用trait来添加type_of方法:
trait TypeInfo {
fn type_of(&self) -> &'static str;
}
impl TypeInfo for i32 {
fn type_of(&self) -> &'static str {
"i32"
}
}
impl TypeInfo for i64 {
fn type_of(&self) -> &'static str {
"i64"
}
}
//...
没有复杂或什么都没有,所以尽管有更多的限制,这是唯一的解决方案,让你得到一个字符串,是稳定的。(参见Boiethios的回答)然而,这是非常费力的,并且没有考虑类型参数,所以我们可以……
trait TypeInfo {
fn type_name() -> String;
fn type_of(&self) -> String;
}
macro_rules! impl_type_info {
($($name:ident$(<$($T:ident),+>)*),*) => {
$(impl_type_info_single!($name$(<$($T),*>)*);)*
};
}
macro_rules! mut_if {
($name:ident = $value:expr, $($any:expr)+) => (let mut $name = $value;);
($name:ident = $value:expr,) => (let $name = $value;);
}
macro_rules! impl_type_info_single {
($name:ident$(<$($T:ident),+>)*) => {
impl$(<$($T: TypeInfo),*>)* TypeInfo for $name$(<$($T),*>)* {
fn type_name() -> String {
mut_if!(res = String::from(stringify!($name)), $($($T)*)*);
$(
res.push('<');
$(
res.push_str(&$T::type_name());
res.push(',');
)*
res.pop();
res.push('>');
)*
res
}
fn type_of(&self) -> String {
$name$(::<$($T),*>)*::type_name()
}
}
}
}
impl<'a, T: TypeInfo + ?Sized> TypeInfo for &'a T {
fn type_name() -> String {
let mut res = String::from("&");
res.push_str(&T::type_name());
res
}
fn type_of(&self) -> String {
<&T>::type_name()
}
}
impl<'a, T: TypeInfo + ?Sized> TypeInfo for &'a mut T {
fn type_name() -> String {
let mut res = String::from("&mut ");
res.push_str(&T::type_name());
res
}
fn type_of(&self) -> String {
<&mut T>::type_name()
}
}
macro_rules! type_of {
($x:expr) => { (&$x).type_of() };
}
让我们使用它:
impl_type_info!(i32, i64, f32, f64, str, String, Vec<T>, Result<T,S>)
fn main() {
println!("{}", type_of!(1));
println!("{}", type_of!(&1));
println!("{}", type_of!(&&1));
println!("{}", type_of!(&mut 1));
println!("{}", type_of!(&&mut 1));
println!("{}", type_of!(&mut &1));
println!("{}", type_of!(1.0));
println!("{}", type_of!("abc"));
println!("{}", type_of!(&"abc"));
println!("{}", type_of!(String::from("abc")));
println!("{}", type_of!(vec![1,2,3]));
println!("{}", <Result<String,i64>>::type_name());
println!("{}", <&i32>::type_name());
println!("{}", <&str>::type_name());
}
输出:
i32
&i32
&&i32
&mut i32
&&mut i32
&mut &i32
f64
&str
&&str
String
Vec<i32>
Result<String,i64>
&i32
&str
生锈的操场
UPD以下不再工作。检查Shubham的答案以作更正。
检查std::intrinsic::get_tydesc<T>()。它现在处于“实验”状态,但如果您只是对类型系统进行了修改,那么它是OK的。
请看下面的例子:
fn print_type_of<T>(_: &T) -> () {
let type_name =
unsafe {
(*std::intrinsics::get_tydesc::<T>()).name
};
println!("{}", type_name);
}
fn main() -> () {
let mut my_number = 32.90;
print_type_of(&my_number); // prints "f64"
print_type_of(&(vec!(1, 2, 4))); // prints "collections::vec::Vec<int>"
}
这是在内部用来实现著名的{:?}格式化程序。