如果你只是想在交互开发过程中知道变量的类型，我强烈建议在你的编辑器或ide中使用rls (rust语言服务器)。然后，您可以简单地永久启用或切换悬停能力，只需将光标放在变量上。一个小对话框将显示关于变量的信息，包括类型。

短篇小说;

fn tyof<T>(_: &T) -> String {
    std::any::type_name::<T>().into()
}

很长的故事;

trait Type {
    fn type_of(&self) -> String;
}

macro_rules! Type {
    ($($ty:ty),*) => {
        $(
            impl Type for $ty {
                fn type_of(&self) -> String {
                    stringify!($ty).into()
                }
            }
        )*
    }
}

#[rustfmt::skip]
Type!(
    u8, i8, u16, i16, u32, i32, i64, u64, i128, String, [()], (), Vec<()>, &u8, &i8, &u16, &i16, &u32, &i32, &i64, &u64, &i128, &str, &[()], &Vec<()>, &() 
    // add any struct, enum or type you want
);

macro_rules! tyof {
    ($var: expr) => {{
        $var.type_of()
    }};
}

fn main() {
    let x = "Hello world!";
    println!("{}", tyof!(x));
    // or
    println!("{}", x.type_of());

    let x = 5;
    println!("{}", tyof!(x));
    // or
    println!("{}", x.type_of());
}

宏形式允许使用“无处不在”，而函数需要一个对象来解析。

宏表单(一行):

macro_rules! ty {($type:ty) => {std::any::type_name::<$type>()}}

形成的宏观形式:

macro_rules! ty {
    ($type:ty) => {
        std::any::type_name::<$type>()
    };
}

函数形式(借用是为了不破坏已解析的变量):

fn type_of<T>(_: &T) -> &'static str {std::any::type_name::<T>()}

fn type_of<T>(_: &T) -> &'static str {
    std::any::type_name::<T>()
}

例子:

macro_rules! ty {($type:ty) => {std::any::type_name::<$type>()}}
fn type_of<T>(_: &T) -> &'static str {std::any::type_name::<T>()}

struct DontMater<T>(T);

impl<T: std::fmt::Debug> std::fmt::Debug for DontMater<T> {
    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
        fmt.write_fmt(format_args!("DontMater<{}>({:?})", ty!(T), self.0))
    }
}

fn main() {
    type µ = [Vec<String>; 7];
    println!("{:?}", DontMater(5_usize));
    println!("{:?}", DontMater("¤"));
    println!("{}", ty!(char));
    println!("{:?}", ty!(µ));
    println!("{}", type_of(&DontMater(72_i8)));
    println!("{:?}", type_of(&15_f64));
}

返回:

DontMater<usize>(5)
DontMater<&str>("¤")
char
"[alloc::vec::Vec<alloc::string::String>; 7]"
env_vars::DontMater<i8>
"f64"

你可以使用std::any::type_name函数。这并不需要一个夜间编译器或外部板条箱，结果是非常正确的:

fn print_type_of<T>(_: &T) {
    println!("{}", std::any::type_name::<T>())
}

fn main() {
    let s = "Hello";
    let i = 42;

    print_type_of(&s); // &str
    print_type_of(&i); // i32
    print_type_of(&main); // playground::main
    print_type_of(&print_type_of::<i32>); // playground::print_type_of<i32>
    print_type_of(&{ || "Hi!" }); // playground::main::{{closure}}
}

注意:如文档中所述，此信息只能用于调试目的:

这是用于诊断用途。字符串的确切内容和格式没有指定，只是尽力描述该类型。

如果你想让你的类型表示在不同的编译器版本中保持相同，你应该使用一个trait，就像phicr的答案一样。

其他一些答案不工作，但我发现typename crate工作。

Create a new project: cargo new test_typename Modify the Cargo.toml [dependencies] typename = "0.1.1" Modify your source code use typename::TypeName; fn main() { assert_eq!(String::type_name(), "std::string::String"); assert_eq!(Vec::<i32>::type_name(), "std::vec::Vec<i32>"); assert_eq!([0, 1, 2].type_name_of(), "[i32; 3]"); let a = 65u8; let b = b'A'; let c = 65; let d = 65i8; let e = 65i32; let f = 65u32; let arr = [1,2,3,4,5]; let first = arr[0]; println!("type of a 65u8 {} is {}", a, a.type_name_of()); println!("type of b b'A' {} is {}", b, b.type_name_of()); println!("type of c 65 {} is {}", c, c.type_name_of()); println!("type of d 65i8 {} is {}", d, d.type_name_of()); println!("type of e 65i32 {} is {}", e, e.type_name_of()); println!("type of f 65u32 {} is {}", f, f.type_name_of()); println!("type of arr {:?} is {}", arr, arr.type_name_of()); println!("type of first {} is {}", first, first.type_name_of()); }

输出结果为:

type of a 65u8  65 is u8
type of b b'A'  65 is u8
type of c 65    65 is i32
type of d 65i8  65 is i8
type of e 65i32 65 is i32
type of f 65u32 65 is u32
type of arr [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] is [i32; 5]
type of first 1 is i32

您还可以使用println中的变量!("{:?}”,var)。如果没有为该类型实现Debug，则可以在编译器的错误消息中看到该类型:

mod some {
    pub struct SomeType;
}

fn main() {
    let unknown_var = some::SomeType;
    println!("{:?}", unknown_var);
}

(游戏围栏)

虽然很脏，但很管用。