使用指向成员的指针，我们可以编写这样的泛型代码

template<typename T, typename U>
struct alpha{
   T U::*p_some_member;
};

struct beta{
   int foo;
};

int main()
{

   beta b{};

   alpha<int, beta> a{&beta::foo};

   b.*(a.p_some_member) = 4;

   return 0;
}

下面是一个例子，其中指向数据成员的指针可能很有用:

#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>

template <typename Container, typename T, typename DataPtr>
typename Container::value_type searchByDataMember (const Container& container, const T& t, DataPtr ptr) {
    for (const typename Container::value_type& x : container) {
        if (x->*ptr == t)
            return x;
    }
    return typename Container::value_type{};
}

struct Object {
    int ID, value;
    std::string name;
    Object (int i, int v, const std::string& n) : ID(i), value(v), name(n) {}
};

std::list<Object*> objects { new Object(5,6,"Sam"), new Object(11,7,"Mark"), new Object(9,12,"Rob"),
    new Object(2,11,"Tom"), new Object(15,16,"John") };

int main() {
    const Object* object = searchByDataMember (objects, 11, &Object::value);
    std::cout << object->name << '\n';  // Tom
}

我认为，只有当成员数据相当大(例如，另一个相当庞大的类的对象)，并且您有一些外部例程，只对该类的对象引用起作用时，才会想要这样做。你不想复制成员对象，所以这让你可以传递它。

我喜欢*和&运算符:

struct X 
{ 
    int a {0}; 
    int *ptr {NULL};

    int &fa() { return a; }
    int *&fptr() { return ptr; }
};

int main(void) 
{
    X x;
    int X::*p1 = &X::a;     // pointer-to-member 'int X::a'. Type of p1 = 'int X::*'
    x.*p1 = 10;

    int *X::*p2 = &X::ptr;  // pointer-to-member-pointer 'int *X::ptr'. Type of p2 = 'int *X::*' 
    x.*p2 = nullptr;
    X *xx;
    xx->*p2 = nullptr;

    int& (X::*p3)() = X::fa; // pointer-to-member-function 'X::fa'. Type of p3 = 'int &(X::*)()'
    (x.*p3)() = 20; 
    (xx->*p3)() = 30;

    int *&(X::*p4)() = X::fptr;  // pointer-to-member-function 'X::fptr'. Type of p4 = 'int *&(X::*)()'
    (x.*p4)() = nullptr; 
    (xx->*p4)() = nullptr;
}

事实上，只要成员是公共的或静态的，所有都是真的

一个指向成员的指针的真实例子可以是std::shared_ptr的更窄的混叠构造函数:

template <typename T>
template <typename U>
shared_ptr<T>::shared_ptr(const shared_ptr<U>, T U::*member);

构造函数有什么用

假设你有一个结构体foo:

struct foo {
    int ival;
    float fval;
};

如果你给了一个foo对象一个shared_ptr对象，你可以使用构造函数将shared_ptr对象检索到它的成员ival或fval:

auto foo_shared = std::make_shared<foo>();
auto ival_shared = std::shared_ptr<int>(foo_shared, &foo::ival);

如果想将指针foo_shared->ival传递给某个需要shared_ptr的函数，这将非常有用

https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr/shared_ptr

IBM有更多关于如何使用它的文档。简单地说，您使用指针作为类的偏移量。你不能在它们所指向的类之外使用这些指针，所以:

  int Car::*pSpeed = &Car::speed;
  Car mycar;
  mycar.*pSpeed = 65;

It seems a little obscure, but one possible application is if you're trying to write code for deserializing generic data into many different object types, and your code needs to handle object types that it knows absolutely nothing about (for example, your code is in a library, and the objects into which you deserialize were created by a user of your library). The member pointers give you a generic, semi-legible way of referring to the individual data member offsets, without having to resort to typeless void * tricks the way you might for C structs.