为了给@anon和@Oktalist的回答添加一些用例，这里有一份关于指向成员函数的指针和指向成员数据的阅读材料。

https://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/~schmidt/PDF/C++-ptmf4.pdf

您可以使用指向(同构)成员数据的指针数组来启用双重命名成员(即x.data)和数组下标(即x[idx])接口。

#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>

struct vector3 {
    float x;
    float y;
    float z;

    float& operator[](std::size_t idx) {
        static float vector3::*component[3] = {
            &vector3::x, &vector3::y, &vector3::z
        };
        return this->*component[idx];
    }
};

int main()
{
    vector3 v = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f };

    assert(&v[0] == &v.x);
    assert(&v[1] == &v.y);
    assert(&v[2] == &v.z);

    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        v[i] += 1.0f;
    }

    assert(v.x == 1.0f);
    assert(v.y == 2.0f);
    assert(v.z == 3.0f);

    return 0;
}

指向类的指针不是真正的指针;类是一个逻辑构造，在内存中没有物理存在，然而，当你构造一个指向类成员的指针时，它会给出一个指向该成员所在类的对象的偏移量;这给出了一个重要的结论:由于静态成员不与任何对象相关联，因此指向成员的指针不能指向静态成员(数据或函数) 考虑以下几点:

class x {
public:
    int val;
    x(int i) { val = i;}

    int get_val() { return val; }
    int d_val(int i) {return i+i; }
};

int main() {
    int (x::* data) = &x::val;               //pointer to data member
    int (x::* func)(int) = &x::d_val;        //pointer to function member

    x ob1(1), ob2(2);

    cout <<ob1.*data;
    cout <<ob2.*data;

    cout <<(ob1.*func)(ob1.*data);
    cout <<(ob2.*func)(ob2.*data);


    return 0;
}

来源:完整参考c++ - Herbert Schildt第四版

这是我能想到的最简单的例子，它传达了这个特性很少相关的情况:

#include <iostream>

class bowl {
public:
    int apples;
    int oranges;
};

int count_fruit(bowl * begin, bowl * end, int bowl::*fruit)
{
    int count = 0;
    for (bowl * iterator = begin; iterator != end; ++ iterator)
        count += iterator->*fruit;
    return count;
}

int main()
{
    bowl bowls[2] = {
        { 1, 2 },
        { 3, 5 }
    };
    std::cout << "I have " << count_fruit(bowls, bowls + 2, & bowl::apples) << " apples\n";
    std::cout << "I have " << count_fruit(bowls, bowls + 2, & bowl::oranges) << " oranges\n";
    return 0;
}

这里需要注意的是传递给count_fruit的指针。这样就不必单独编写count_apples和count_oranges函数。

IBM有更多关于如何使用它的文档。简单地说，您使用指针作为类的偏移量。你不能在它们所指向的类之外使用这些指针，所以:

  int Car::*pSpeed = &Car::speed;
  Car mycar;
  mycar.*pSpeed = 65;

It seems a little obscure, but one possible application is if you're trying to write code for deserializing generic data into many different object types, and your code needs to handle object types that it knows absolutely nothing about (for example, your code is in a library, and the objects into which you deserialize were created by a user of your library). The member pointers give you a generic, semi-legible way of referring to the individual data member offsets, without having to resort to typeless void * tricks the way you might for C structs.

为了给@anon和@Oktalist的回答添加一些用例，这里有一份关于指向成员函数的指针和指向成员数据的阅读材料。

https://www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/~schmidt/PDF/C++-ptmf4.pdf