另一个应用是侵入式列表。元素类型可以告诉列表它的next/prev指针是什么。所以列表不使用硬编码的名称，但仍然可以使用现有的指针:

// say this is some existing structure. And we want to use
// a list. We can tell it that the next pointer
// is apple::next.
struct apple {
    int data;
    apple * next;
};

// simple example of a minimal intrusive list. Could specify the
// member pointer as template argument too, if we wanted:
// template<typename E, E *E::*next_ptr>
template<typename E>
struct List {
    List(E *E::*next_ptr):head(0), next_ptr(next_ptr) { }

    void add(E &e) {
        // access its next pointer by the member pointer
        e.*next_ptr = head;
        head = &e;
    }

    E * head;
    E *E::*next_ptr;
};

int main() {
    List<apple> lst(&apple::next);

    apple a;
    lst.add(a);
}

指向成员的指针是c++的类型安全等价于C的offsetof()，它在stddef.h中定义:两者都返回某个字段位于类或结构中的信息。虽然在c++中也可以将offset()用于某些足够简单的类，但在一般情况下，它会失败，尤其是虚拟基类。因此指针成员被添加到标准中。它们还提供了更简单的语法来引用实际字段:

struct C { int a; int b; } c;
int C::* intptr = &C::a;       // or &C::b, depending on the field wanted
c.*intptr += 1;

要比:

struct C { int a; int b; } c;
int intoffset = offsetof(struct C, a);
* (int *) (((char *) (void *) &c) + intoffset) += 1;

至于为什么要使用offsetof()(或指向成员的指针)，在stackoverflow的其他地方有很好的答案。这里有一个例子:宏的C偏移是如何工作的?

你以后可以在任何实例上访问这个成员:

int main()
{    
  int Car::*pSpeed = &Car::speed;    
  Car myCar;
  Car yourCar;

  int mySpeed = myCar.*pSpeed;
  int yourSpeed = yourCar.*pSpeed;

  assert(mySpeed > yourSpeed); // ;-)

  return 0;
}

请注意，您确实需要一个实例来调用它，因此它不像委托那样工作。 它很少被使用，我这么多年来可能用过一两次。

通常使用接口(即c++中的纯基类)是更好的设计选择。

IBM有更多关于如何使用它的文档。简单地说，您使用指针作为类的偏移量。你不能在它们所指向的类之外使用这些指针，所以:

  int Car::*pSpeed = &Car::speed;
  Car mycar;
  mycar.*pSpeed = 65;

It seems a little obscure, but one possible application is if you're trying to write code for deserializing generic data into many different object types, and your code needs to handle object types that it knows absolutely nothing about (for example, your code is in a library, and the objects into which you deserialize were created by a user of your library). The member pointers give you a generic, semi-legible way of referring to the individual data member offsets, without having to resort to typeless void * tricks the way you might for C structs.

它是一个“指向成员的指针”——下面的代码说明了它的用法:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Car
{
    public:
    int speed;
};

int main()
{
    int Car::*pSpeed = &Car::speed;

    Car c1;
    c1.speed = 1;       // direct access
    cout << "speed is " << c1.speed << endl;
    c1.*pSpeed = 2;     // access via pointer to member
    cout << "speed is " << c1.speed << endl;
    return 0;
}

至于你为什么要这样做，它给了你另一种间接的层次，可以解决一些棘手的问题。但说实话，我从未在自己的代码中使用过它们。

编辑:我想不出一个令人信服的使用指针成员数据。指向成员函数的指针可以在可插拔的体系结构中使用，但是在这么小的空间里生成一个例子再次让我感到挫败。以下是我最好的(未经测试)尝试-一个Apply函数，在应用用户选择的成员函数到对象之前，会做一些前后处理:

void Apply( SomeClass * c, void (SomeClass::*func)() ) {
    // do hefty pre-call processing
    (c->*func)();  // call user specified function
    // do hefty post-call processing
}

c->*func周围的括号是必要的，因为->*操作符的优先级低于函数调用操作符。

我喜欢*和&运算符:

struct X 
{ 
    int a {0}; 
    int *ptr {NULL};

    int &fa() { return a; }
    int *&fptr() { return ptr; }
};

int main(void) 
{
    X x;
    int X::*p1 = &X::a;     // pointer-to-member 'int X::a'. Type of p1 = 'int X::*'
    x.*p1 = 10;

    int *X::*p2 = &X::ptr;  // pointer-to-member-pointer 'int *X::ptr'. Type of p2 = 'int *X::*' 
    x.*p2 = nullptr;
    X *xx;
    xx->*p2 = nullptr;

    int& (X::*p3)() = X::fa; // pointer-to-member-function 'X::fa'. Type of p3 = 'int &(X::*)()'
    (x.*p3)() = 20; 
    (xx->*p3)() = 30;

    int *&(X::*p4)() = X::fptr;  // pointer-to-member-function 'X::fptr'. Type of p4 = 'int *&(X::*)()'
    (x.*p4)() = nullptr; 
    (xx->*p4)() = nullptr;
}

事实上，只要成员是公共的或静态的，所有都是真的