维基百科上关于快速排序的词条:

Quicksort also competes with mergesort, another recursive sort algorithm but with the benefit of worst-case Θ(nlogn) running time. Mergesort is a stable sort, unlike quicksort and heapsort, and can be easily adapted to operate on linked lists and very large lists stored on slow-to-access media such as disk storage or network attached storage. Although quicksort can be written to operate on linked lists, it will often suffer from poor pivot choices without random access. The main disadvantage of mergesort is that, when operating on arrays, it requires Θ(n) auxiliary space in the best case, whereas the variant of quicksort with in-place partitioning and tail recursion uses only Θ(logn) space. (Note that when operating on linked lists, mergesort only requires a small, constant amount of auxiliary storage.)

快速排序是在实践中最快的排序算法，但有一些病态的情况，可以使它的表现差到O(n2)。

堆排序保证在O(n*ln(n))中运行，并且只需要有限的额外存储空间。但是有许多真实世界的测试表明堆排序比快速排序平均要慢得多。

That's hard to say.The worst of MergeSort is n(log2n)-n+1,which is accurate if n equals 2^k(I have already proved this).And for any n,it's between (n lg n - n + 1) and (n lg n + n + O(lg n)).But for quickSort,its best is nlog2n(also n equals 2^k).If you divide Mergesort by quickSort,it equals one when n is infinite.So it's as if the worst case of MergeSort is better than the best case of QuickSort,why do we use quicksort?But remember,MergeSort is not in place,it require 2n memeroy space.And MergeSort also need to do many array copies,which we don't include in the analysis of algorithm.In a word,MergeSort is really faseter than quicksort in theroy,but in reality you need to consider memeory space,the cost of array copy,merger is slower than quick sort.I once made an experiment where I was given 1000000 digits in java by Random class,and it took 2610ms by mergesort,1370ms by quicksort.

正如许多人所注意到的，快速排序的平均情况性能要比归并排序快。但这只适用于假设按需访问任何内存段的时间为常数的情况。

在RAM中，这种假设通常不太坏(由于缓存的存在，这种假设并不总是正确的，但也不太坏)。然而，如果你的数据结构足够大，可以存储在磁盘上，那么快速排序就会因为磁盘平均每秒进行200次随机查找而被扼杀。但是，同样的磁盘在按顺序每秒读取或写入兆字节的数据方面没有任何问题。这正是归并排序所做的。

因此，如果数据必须在磁盘上排序，你真的，真的想使用归并排序的一些变体。(通常你快速排序子列表，然后开始将它们合并到某个大小阈值以上。)

Furthermore if you have to do anything with datasets of that size, think hard about how to avoid seeks to disk. For instance this is why it is standard advice that you drop indexes before doing large data loads in databases, and then rebuild the index later. Maintaining the index during the load means constantly seeking to disk. By contrast if you drop the indexes, then the database can rebuild the index by first sorting the information to be dealt with (using a mergesort of course!) and then loading it into a BTREE datastructure for the index. (BTREEs are naturally kept in order, so you can load one from a sorted dataset with few seeks to disk.)

在许多情况下，了解如何避免磁盘寻道使我将数据处理工作花费数小时而不是数天或数周。

为什么快速排序很好?

QuickSort takes N^2 in worst case and NlogN average case. The worst case occurs when data is sorted. This can be mitigated by random shuffle before sorting is started. QuickSort doesn't takes extra memory that is taken by merge sort. If the dataset is large and there are identical items, complexity of Quicksort reduces by using 3 way partition. More the no of identical items better the sort. If all items are identical, it sorts in linear time. [This is default implementation in most libraries]

快速排序总是比归并排序好吗?

不是真的。

归并排序是稳定的，但快速排序不是。所以如果你需要输出的稳定性，你可以使用归并排序。在许多实际应用中需要稳定性。 现在内存很便宜。因此，如果Mergesort使用的额外内存对您的应用程序不是至关重要的，那么使用Mergesort也没有什么害处。

注意:在java中，Arrays.sort()函数对基本数据类型使用快速排序，对对象数据类型使用归并排序。因为对象消耗内存开销，所以为归并排序增加一点开销对于性能来说可能不是什么问题。

参考:在Coursera上观看普林斯顿算法课程第三周的快速排序视频

答案将略微倾向于快速排序w.r.t的变化带来的DualPivotQuickSort的基本值。它在JAVA 7中用于在JAVA .util. arrays中排序

It is proved that for the Dual-Pivot Quicksort the average number of
comparisons is 2*n*ln(n), the average number of swaps is 0.8*n*ln(n),
whereas classical Quicksort algorithm has 2*n*ln(n) and 1*n*ln(n)
respectively. Full mathematical proof see in attached proof.txt
and proof_add.txt files. Theoretical results are also confirmed
by experimental counting of the operations.

您可以在这里找到JAVA7实现- http://grepcode.com/file/repository.grepcode.com/java/root/jdk/openjdk/7-b147/java/util/Arrays.java

关于DualPivotQuickSort的进一步精彩阅读- http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.comp.java.openjdk.core-libs.devel/2628