受到这里另一个答案的启发，我提出了以下全posix解决方案。一般思想是在父进程和子进程之间创建一个中间进程，其目的只有一个:注意父进程何时死亡，并显式地终止子进程。

当子进程中的代码无法修改时，这种解决方案非常有用。

int p[2];
pipe(p);
pid_t child = fork();
if (child == 0) {
    close(p[1]); // close write end of pipe
    setpgid(0, 0); // prevent ^C in parent from stopping this process
    child = fork();
    if (child == 0) {
        close(p[0]); // close read end of pipe (don't need it here)
        exec(...child process here...);
        exit(1);
    }
    read(p[0], 1); // returns when parent exits for any reason
    kill(child, 9);
    exit(1);
}

使用这种方法有两个小注意事项:

如果你故意杀死中间进程，那么当父进程死亡时，子进程不会被杀死。 如果子进程在父进程之前退出，那么中间进程将尝试杀死原来的子进程pid，该进程现在可以引用一个不同的进程。(这可以通过在中间过程中编写更多代码来解决。)

顺便说一句，我使用的实际代码是Python的。为了完整起见，这里是:

def run(*args):
    (r, w) = os.pipe()
    child = os.fork()
    if child == 0:
        os.close(w)
        os.setpgid(0, 0)
        child = os.fork()
        if child == 0:
            os.close(r)
            os.execl(args[0], *args)
            os._exit(1)
        os.read(r, 1)
        os.kill(child, 9)
        os._exit(1)
    os.close(r)

安装一个陷阱处理程序来捕获SIGINT，如果你的子进程还活着，它就会杀死它，尽管其他的帖子是正确的，它不会捕获SIGKILL。

以独占访问的方式打开一个.lockfile，并让子进程尝试打开它——如果打开成功，子进程应该退出

我正在尝试解决同样的问题，但由于我的程序必须运行在OS X上，所以只运行linux的解决方案对我不起作用。

我得到了与本页其他人相同的结论——当父母去世时，没有一种与posix兼容的方式来通知孩子。所以我想出了次好的办法——让孩子投票。

当父进程(由于任何原因)终止时，子进程将变成进程1。如果子进程只是定期轮询，它可以检查父进程是否为1。如果是，子进程应该退出。

这不是很好，但它可以工作，并且比本文其他地方建议的TCP套接字/锁文件轮询解决方案更容易。

如果父母去世，孤儿的PPID变为1 -你只需要检查你自己的PPID。 在某种程度上，这就是上面提到的轮询。 这是它的外壳部分:

check_parent () {
      parent=`ps -f|awk '$2=='$PID'{print $3 }'`
      echo "parent:$parent"
      let parent=$parent+0
      if [[ $parent -eq 1 ]]; then
        echo "parent is dead, exiting"
        exit;
      fi
}


PID=$$
cnt=0
while [[ 1 = 1 ]]; do
  check_parent
  ... something
done

这个解决方案对我很有效:

将stdin管道传递给子管道-您不必向流中写入任何数据。 Child从stdin无限读取到EOF。EOF表示父节点已经离开。 这是一种万无一失、便于携带的检测父节点何时离开的方法。即使父线程崩溃，操作系统也会关闭管道。

这是针对一个工作者类型的进程，它的存在只有在父进程存在时才有意义。

Historically, from UNIX v7, the process system has detected orphanity of processes by checking a process' parent id. As I say, historically, the init(8) system process is a special process by only one reason: It cannot die. It cannot die because the kernel algorithm to deal with assigning a new parent process id, depends on this fact. when a process executes its exit(2) call (by means of a process system call or by external task as sending it a signal or the like) the kernel reassigns all children of this process the id of the init process as their parent process id. This leads to the most easy test, and most portable way of knowing if a process has got orphan. Just check the result of the getppid(2) system call and if it is the process id of the init(2) process then the process got orphan before the system call.

这种方法会产生两个问题:

first, we have the possibility of changing the init process to any user process, so How can we assure that the init process will always be parent of all orphan processes? Well, in the exit system call code there's a explicit check to see if the process executing the call is the init process (the process with pid equal to 1) and if that's the case, the kernel panics (It should not be able anymore to maintain the process hierarchy) so it is not permitted for the init process to do an exit(2) call. second, there's a race condition in the basic test exposed above. Init process' id is assumed historically to be 1, but that's not warranted by the POSIX approach, that states (as exposed in other response) that only a system's process id is reserved for that purpose. Almost no posix implementation does this, and you can assume in original unix derived systems that having 1 as response of getppid(2) system call is enough to assume the process is orphan. Another way to check is to make a getppid(2) just after the fork and compare that value with the result of a new call. This simply doesn't work in all cases, as both call are not atomic together, and the parent process can die after the fork(2) and before the first getppid(2) system call. The processparent id only changes once, when its parent does anexit(2)call, so this should be enough to check if thegetppid(2)result changed between calls to see that parent process has exit. This test is not valid for the actual children of the init process, because they are always children ofinit(8)`, but you can assume safely these processes as having no parent either (except when you substitute in a system the init process)