子进程是否有连接父进程的管道?如果是这样，那么写入时会收到SIGPIPE，读取时会收到EOF——这些情况都可以检测到。

即使7年过去了，我刚刚遇到这个问题，因为我正在运行SpringBoot应用程序，需要在开发期间启动webpack-dev-server，并需要在后端进程停止时杀死它。

我尝试使用Runtime.getRuntime()。addShutdownHook，但它在Windows 10上工作，但在Windows 7上不工作。

我已经将其更改为使用一个专门的线程来等待进程退出或用于InterruptedException，这似乎在两个Windows版本上都正确工作。

private void startWebpackDevServer() {
    String cmd = isWindows() ? "cmd /c gradlew webPackStart" : "gradlew webPackStart";
    logger.info("webpack dev-server " + cmd);

    Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {

        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(cmd.split(" "));
        pb.redirectOutput(ProcessBuilder.Redirect.INHERIT);
        pb.redirectError(ProcessBuilder.Redirect.INHERIT);
        pb.directory(new File("."));

        Process process = null;
        try {
            // Start the node process
            process = pb.start();

            // Wait for the node process to quit (blocking)
            process.waitFor();

            // Ensure the node process is killed
            process.destroyForcibly();
            System.setProperty(WEBPACK_SERVER_PROPERTY, "true");
        } catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
            // Ensure the node process is killed.
            // InterruptedException is thrown when the main process exit.
            logger.info("killing webpack dev-server", e);
            if (process != null) {
                process.destroyForcibly();
            }
        }

    });

    thread.start();
}

子进程是否有连接父进程的管道?如果是这样，那么写入时会收到SIGPIPE，读取时会收到EOF——这些情况都可以检测到。

以防它与任何人相关，当我从c++派生子进程中的JVM实例时，我可以让JVM实例在父进程完成后正确终止的唯一方法是执行以下操作。如果这不是最好的方法，希望有人能在评论中提供反馈。

1)在通过execv启动Java应用程序之前，在fork子进程上调用prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGHUP)

2)在Java应用程序中添加一个shutdown钩子，轮询直到其父PID等于1，然后执行一个硬的Runtime.getRuntime().halt(0)。轮询是通过启动运行ps命令的单独shell来完成的(参见:如何在Linux上的Java或JRuby中找到我的PID ?)

130118年编辑:

这似乎不是一个可靠的解决方案。我仍然在努力理解发生的事情的细微差别，但在屏幕/SSH会话中运行这些应用程序时，有时仍然会遇到孤立的JVM进程。

Instead of polling for the PPID in the Java app, I simply had the shutdown hook perform cleanup followed by a hard halt as above. Then I made sure to invoke waitpid in the C++ parent app on the spawned child process when it was time to terminate everything. This seems to be a more robust solution, as the child process ensures that it terminates, while the parent uses existing references to make sure that its children terminate. Compare this to the previous solution which had the parent process terminate whenever it pleased, and had the children try to figure out if they had been orphaned before terminating.

通过在prctl()系统调用中指定PR_SET_PDEATHSIG选项，子进程可以要求内核在父进程死亡时传递SIGHUP(或其他信号)，就像这样:

prctl（PR_SET_PDEATHSIG， SIGHUP）;

详见man 2 prctl。

编辑:这是linux专用的

为了完整起见。在macOS上你可以使用kqueue:

void noteProcDeath(
    CFFileDescriptorRef fdref, 
    CFOptionFlags callBackTypes, 
    void* info) 
{
    // LOG_DEBUG(@"noteProcDeath... ");

    struct kevent kev;
    int fd = CFFileDescriptorGetNativeDescriptor(fdref);
    kevent(fd, NULL, 0, &kev, 1, NULL);
    // take action on death of process here
    unsigned int dead_pid = (unsigned int)kev.ident;

    CFFileDescriptorInvalidate(fdref);
    CFRelease(fdref); // the CFFileDescriptorRef is no longer of any use in this example

    int our_pid = getpid();
    // when our parent dies we die as well.. 
    LOG_INFO(@"exit! parent process (pid %u) died. no need for us (pid %i) to stick around", dead_pid, our_pid);
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}


void suicide_if_we_become_a_zombie(int parent_pid) {
    // int parent_pid = getppid();
    // int our_pid = getpid();
    // LOG_ERROR(@"suicide_if_we_become_a_zombie(). parent process (pid %u) that we monitor. our pid %i", parent_pid, our_pid);

    int fd = kqueue();
    struct kevent kev;
    EV_SET(&kev, parent_pid, EVFILT_PROC, EV_ADD|EV_ENABLE, NOTE_EXIT, 0, NULL);
    kevent(fd, &kev, 1, NULL, 0, NULL);
    CFFileDescriptorRef fdref = CFFileDescriptorCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, fd, true, noteProcDeath, NULL);
    CFFileDescriptorEnableCallBacks(fdref, kCFFileDescriptorReadCallBack);
    CFRunLoopSourceRef source = CFFileDescriptorCreateRunLoopSource(kCFAllocatorDefault, fdref, 0);
    CFRunLoopAddSource(CFRunLoopGetMain(), source, kCFRunLoopDefaultMode);
    CFRelease(source);
}