我在iBooks上读了苹果的编程语言Swift,但不知道如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求(类似cURL)。我需要导入Obj-C类还是只需要导入默认库?或者不能基于原生Swift代码进行HTTP请求?
当前回答
下面给出了一个“GET”请求示例。
let urlString = "YOUR_GET_URL"
let yourURL = URL(string: urlstring)
let dataTask = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: yourURL) { (data, response, error) in
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: .mutableContainers)
print("json --- \(json)")
}catch let err {
print("err---\(err.localizedDescription)")
}
}
dataTask.resume()
其他回答
你可以使用Just,一个python-requests风格的HTTP库。
使用Just发送HTTP请求的示例:
// synchronous GET request with URL query a=1
let r = Just.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params:["a":1])
// asynchronous POST request with form value and file uploads
Just.post(
"http://justiceleauge.org/member/register",
data: ["username": "barryallen", "password":"ReverseF1ashSucks"],
files: ["profile_photo": .URL(fileURLWithPath:"flash.jpeg", nil)]
) { (r)
if (r.ok) { /* success! */ }
}
在这两种情况下,可以通过类似于python-request的方式访问请求r的结果:
r.ok // is the response successful?
r.statusCode // status code of response
r.content // response body as NSData?
r.text // response body as text?
r.json // response body parsed by NSJSONSerielization
你可以在这个操场上找到更多的例子
在操场上以同步模式使用这个库是Swift中最接近cURL的东西。
在Swift 4.1和Xcode 9.4.1中。
JSON POST方法示例。要检查互联网连接,从https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/samplecode/Reachability/Introduction/Intro.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS40007324-Intro-DontLinkElementID_2添加Reachability.h & .m文件
func yourFunctionName {
//Check internet connection
let networkReachability = Reachability.forInternetConnection()
let networkStatus:Int = (networkReachability?.currentReachabilityStatus())!.rawValue
print(networkStatus)
if networkStatus == NotReachable.rawValue {
let msg = SharedClass.sharedInstance.noNetMsg//Message
//Call alert from shared class
SharedClass.sharedInstance.alert(view: self, title: "", message: msg)
} else {
//Call spinner from shared class
SharedClass.sharedInstance.activityIndicator(view: self.view)//Play spinner
let parameters = "Your parameters here"
var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: url)!)
request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.httpMethod = "POST"
print("URL : \(request)")
request.httpBody = parameters.data(using: .utf8)
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in guard let data = data, error == nil else { // check for fundamental networking error
//Stop spinner
SharedClass.sharedInstance.stopActivityIndicator() //Stop spinner
//Print error in alert
SharedClass.sharedInstance.alert(view: self, title: "", message: "\(String(describing: error!.localizedDescription))")
return
}
SharedClass.sharedInstance.stopActivityIndicator() //Stop spinner
if let httpStatus = response as? HTTPURLResponse, httpStatus.statusCode != 200 { // check for http errors
print("statusCode should be 200, but is \(httpStatus.statusCode)")
print("response = \(String(describing: response))")
}
do {
let response = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as? [String: AnyObject]
print(response!)
//Your code here
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error)
}
}
task.resume()
}
}
如果你有兴趣在SharedClass中使用这个函数
//My shared class
import UIKit
class SharedClass: NSObject {
static let sharedInstance = SharedClass()
func postRequestFunction(apiName: String , parameters: String, onCompletion: @escaping (_ success: Bool, _ error: Error?, _ result: [String: Any]?)->()) {
var URL = "your URL here/index.php/***?"
URL = URL.replacingOccurrences(of: "***", with: apiName)
var request = URLRequest(url: URL(string: URL)!)
request.setValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.httpMethod = "POST"
print("shared URL : \(request)")
request.httpBody = parameters.data(using: .utf8)
var returnRes:[String:Any] = [:]
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
if let error = error {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
} else {
guard let data = data else {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
return
}
if let httpStatus = response as? HTTPURLResponse, httpStatus.statusCode == 200 {
do {
returnRes = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as! [String : Any]
onCompletion(true, nil, returnRes)
} catch let error as NSError {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
}
} else {
onCompletion(false, error, nil)
}
}
}
task.resume()
}
private override init() {
}
最后像这样调用这个函数....
SharedClass.sharedInstance.postRequestFunction(apiName: "Your API name", parameters: parameters) { (success, error, result) in
print(result!)
if success {
//Your code here
} else {
print(error?.localizedDescription ?? "")
}
}
为了让XCUITest在异步请求完成之前停止测试完成,使用这个(可能会减少100超时):
func test_api() {
let url = URL(string: "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/42")!
let exp = expectation(description: "Waiting for data")
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
exp.fulfill()
}
task.resume()
XCTWaiter.wait(for: [exp], timeout: 100)
}
更新:Xcode 13.0和Swift 5+
获取HTTP请求
let url = URL(string: "URL HERE")! //PUT Your URL
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
guard let safeData = data,
let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
error == nil else { // check for fundamental networking error
print("error", error ?? "Unknown error")
delegate?.onError(error!)
return
}
guard (200 ... 299) ~= response.statusCode else { // check for http errors
print("statusCode should be 2xx, but is \(response.statusCode)")
print("response = \(response)")
return
}
let responseString = String(data: safeData, encoding: .utf8)
print("Response String = \(responseString)")
}
task.resume()
斯威夫特3.0
通过一个小抽象 https://github.com/daltoniam/swiftHTTP
例子
do {
let opt = try HTTP.GET("https://google.com")
opt.start { response in
if let err = response.error {
print("error: \(err.localizedDescription)")
return //also notify app of failure as needed
}
print("opt finished: \(response.description)")
//print("data is: \(response.data)") access the response of the data with response.data
}
} catch let error {
print("got an error creating the request: \(error)")
}
推荐文章
- 如何删除默认的导航栏空间在SwiftUI导航视图
- 如何在iOS中使用Swift编程segue
- Swift -整数转换为小时/分钟/秒
- 如何舍入一个双到最近的Int在迅速?
- 扁平化数组的数组在Swift
- Swift:声明一个空字典
- 为什么ARC仍然需要@autoreleasepool ?
- 在成功提交我的应用程序后,“太多符号文件”
- 从数组中随机选择一个元素
- 首先添加一个UIView,甚至是导航栏
- 我如何改变UIButton标题颜色?
- 在Swift中如何调用GCD主线程上的参数方法?
- NSLayoutConstraints是可动画的吗?
- iOS -构建失败,CocoaPods无法找到头文件
- Xcode 4挂在“附加到(应用程序名称)”