我在iBooks上读了苹果的编程语言Swift,但不知道如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求(类似cURL)。我需要导入Obj-C类还是只需要导入默认库?或者不能基于原生Swift代码进行HTTP请求?
当前回答
你可以使用URL URLRequest URLSession或者NSURLConnection就像你在Objective-C中通常做的那样。注意,对于iOS 7.0及更高版本,URLSession是首选。
使用URLSession
初始化URL对象和URLSession中的URLSessionDataTask。然后使用resume()运行任务。
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
task.resume()
使用NSURLConnection
首先,初始化URL和URLRequest:
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
然后,你可以异步加载请求:
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: OperationQueue.main) {(response, data, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
或者你可以初始化一个NSURLConnection:
let connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate:nil, startImmediately: true)
只是要确保将委托设置为nil以外的东西,并使用委托方法处理接收到的响应和数据。
要了解更多细节,请查看NSURLConnectionDataDelegate协议的文档
在Xcode操场上测试
如果你想在Xcode游乐场上尝试这段代码,添加import PlaygroundSupport到你的游乐场,以及下面的调用:
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
这将允许你在操场上使用异步代码。
其他回答
我调用json登录按钮点击
@IBAction func loginClicked(sender : AnyObject) {
var request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: kLoginURL)) // Here, kLogin contains the Login API.
var session = NSURLSession.sharedSession()
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var err: NSError?
request.HTTPBody = NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self.criteriaDic(), options: nil, error: &err) // This Line fills the web service with required parameters.
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
var task = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {data, response, error -> Void in
var strData = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
var err1: NSError?
var json2 = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(strData.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding), options: .MutableLeaves, error:&err1 ) as NSDictionary
println("json2 :\(json2)")
if(err) {
println(err!.localizedDescription)
}
else {
var success = json2["success"] as? Int
println("Success: \(success)")
}
})
task.resume()
}
在这里,我为参数创建了一个单独的字典。
var params = ["format":"json", "MobileType":"IOS","MIN":"f8d16d98ad12acdbbe1de647414495ec","UserName":emailTxtField.text,"PWD":passwordTxtField.text,"SigninVia":"SH"]as NSDictionary
return params
}
// You can add your own sets of parameter here.
下面给出了一个“GET”请求示例。
let urlString = "YOUR_GET_URL"
let yourURL = URL(string: urlstring)
let dataTask = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: yourURL) { (data, response, error) in
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: .mutableContainers)
print("json --- \(json)")
}catch let err {
print("err---\(err.localizedDescription)")
}
}
dataTask.resume()
更新:Xcode 13.0和Swift 5+
获取HTTP请求
let url = URL(string: "URL HERE")! //PUT Your URL
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "GET"
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { data, response, error in
guard let safeData = data,
let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse,
error == nil else { // check for fundamental networking error
print("error", error ?? "Unknown error")
delegate?.onError(error!)
return
}
guard (200 ... 299) ~= response.statusCode else { // check for http errors
print("statusCode should be 2xx, but is \(response.statusCode)")
print("response = \(response)")
return
}
let responseString = String(data: safeData, encoding: .utf8)
print("Response String = \(responseString)")
}
task.resume()
使用URLSession + Swift
只是补充cezar的答案,如果你想使用苹果的URLSession类进行web请求,有多种方法来完成任务
简单的GET请求与URL 简单的GET请求与URL和参数 简单的GET请求与错误处理的URL 简单的POST请求与URL,参数与错误处理
1. 简单的GET请求与URL
func simpleGetUrlRequest()
{
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print("The response is : ",String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
//print(NSString(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue) as Any)
}
task.resume()
}
注意:请确保您必须在pList中为http请求添加“NSAppTransportSecurity”键
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
2. 简单的GET请求与URL和参数
func simpleGetUrlWithParamRequest()
{
let url = URL(string: "https://www.google.com/search?q=peace")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Server error!")
return
}
print("The Response is : ",response)
}
task.resume()
}
3.简单的GET请求与错误处理的URL
func simpleGetUrlRequestWithErrorHandling()
{
let session = URLSession.shared
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/get")!
let task = session.dataTask(with: url) { data, response, error in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Server error!")
return
}
guard let mime = response.mimeType, mime == "application/json" else {
print("Wrong MIME type!")
return
}
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: [])
print("The Response is : ",json)
} catch {
print("JSON error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
}
task.resume()
}
4. 简单的POST请求与URL,参数与错误处理。
func simplePostRequestWithParamsAndErrorHandling(){
let configuration = URLSessionConfiguration.default
configuration.timeoutIntervalForRequest = 30
configuration.timeoutIntervalForResource = 30
let session = URLSession(configuration: configuration)
let url = URL(string: "https://httpbin.org/post")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.setValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.addValue("application/json", forHTTPHeaderField: "Accept")
let parameters = ["username": "foo", "password": "123456"]
do {
request.httpBody = try JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: parameters, options: .prettyPrinted)
} catch let error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
let task = session.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest, completionHandler: { data, response, error in
if error != nil || data == nil {
print("Client error!")
return
}
guard let response = response as? HTTPURLResponse, (200...299).contains(response.statusCode) else {
print("Oops!! there is server error!")
return
}
guard let mime = response.mimeType, mime == "application/json" else {
print("response is not json")
return
}
do {
let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: [])
print("The Response is : ",json)
} catch {
print("JSON error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
}
})
task.resume()
}
谢谢你的建议!!
斯威夫特3.0
通过一个小抽象 https://github.com/daltoniam/swiftHTTP
例子
do {
let opt = try HTTP.GET("https://google.com")
opt.start { response in
if let err = response.error {
print("error: \(err.localizedDescription)")
return //also notify app of failure as needed
}
print("opt finished: \(response.description)")
//print("data is: \(response.data)") access the response of the data with response.data
}
} catch let error {
print("got an error creating the request: \(error)")
}
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