我在iBooks上读了苹果的编程语言Swift，但不知道如何在Swift中发出HTTP请求(类似cURL)。我需要导入Obj-C类还是只需要导入默认库?或者不能基于原生Swift代码进行HTTP请求?
当前回答
细节
Xcode 9.2, Swift 4 Xcode 10.2.1 (10E1001)
Info.plist
NSApp传输安全
添加到info plist:
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
Alamofire样本
Alamofire
import Alamofire
class AlamofireDataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
Alamofire.request(request).responseJSON { response in
let complete: (Result<[String: Any]>) ->() = { result in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(result) } }
switch response.result {
case .success(let value): complete(.success(value as! [String: Any]))
case .failure(let error): complete(.failure(error))
}
}
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
guard let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))") else { return }
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
make(request: request) { response in closure?(response) }
}
}
Alamofire样品的使用
private lazy var alamofireDataManager = AlamofireDataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
//.........
alamofireDataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { result in
print(result.value ?? "no data")
print(result.error ?? "no error")
}
URLSession样本
import Foundation
class DataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, response, error in
self?.queue.async {
let complete: (_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?) ->() = { json, error in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(json, error) } }
guard let self = self, error == nil else { complete(nil, error); return }
guard let data = data else { complete(nil, self.createError(message: "No data", code: 999)); return }
do {
if let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .mutableContainers) as? [String: Any] {
complete(json, nil)
}
} catch let error { complete(nil, error); return }
}
}
task.resume()
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))")
let request = URLRequest(url: url!)
make(request: request) { json, error in closure?(json, error) }
}
}
URLSession示例的使用
private lazy var dataManager = DataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
// .......
dataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { json, error in
print(error ?? "nil")
print(json ?? "nil")
print("Update views")
}
结果
其他回答
你可以使用URL URLRequest URLSession或者NSURLConnection就像你在Objective-C中通常做的那样。注意，对于iOS 7.0及更高版本，URLSession是首选。
使用URLSession
初始化URL对象和URLSession中的URLSessionDataTask。然后使用resume()运行任务。
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url) {(data, response, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
task.resume()
使用NSURLConnection
首先，初始化URL和URLRequest:
let url = URL(string: "http://www.stackoverflow.com")!
var request = URLRequest(url: url)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
然后，你可以异步加载请求:
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: OperationQueue.main) {(response, data, error) in
guard let data = data else { return }
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)
}
或者你可以初始化一个NSURLConnection:
let connection = NSURLConnection(request: request, delegate:nil, startImmediately: true)
只是要确保将委托设置为nil以外的东西，并使用委托方法处理接收到的响应和数据。
要了解更多细节，请查看NSURLConnectionDataDelegate协议的文档
在Xcode操场上测试
如果你想在Xcode游乐场上尝试这段代码，添加import PlaygroundSupport到你的游乐场，以及下面的调用:
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true
这将允许你在操场上使用异步代码。
细节
Xcode 9.2, Swift 4 Xcode 10.2.1 (10E1001)
Info.plist
NSApp传输安全
添加到info plist:
<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
<key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
<true/>
</dict>
Alamofire样本
Alamofire
import Alamofire
class AlamofireDataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
Alamofire.request(request).responseJSON { response in
let complete: (Result<[String: Any]>) ->() = { result in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(result) } }
switch response.result {
case .success(let value): complete(.success(value as! [String: Any]))
case .failure(let error): complete(.failure(error))
}
}
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((Result<[String: Any]>) -> Void)?) {
guard let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))") else { return }
let request = URLRequest(url: url)
make(request: request) { response in closure?(response) }
}
}
Alamofire样品的使用
private lazy var alamofireDataManager = AlamofireDataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
//.........
alamofireDataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { result in
print(result.value ?? "no data")
print(result.error ?? "no error")
}
URLSession样本
import Foundation
class DataManager {
fileprivate let queue: DispatchQueue
init(queue: DispatchQueue) { self.queue = queue }
private func createError(message: String, code: Int) -> Error {
return NSError(domain: "dataManager", code: code, userInfo: ["message": message ])
}
private func make(session: URLSession = URLSession.shared, request: URLRequest, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { [weak self] data, response, error in
self?.queue.async {
let complete: (_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?) ->() = { json, error in DispatchQueue.main.async { closure?(json, error) } }
guard let self = self, error == nil else { complete(nil, error); return }
guard let data = data else { complete(nil, self.createError(message: "No data", code: 999)); return }
do {
if let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .mutableContainers) as? [String: Any] {
complete(json, nil)
}
} catch let error { complete(nil, error); return }
}
}
task.resume()
}
func searchRequest(term: String, closure: ((_ json: [String: Any]?, _ error: Error?)->Void)?) {
let url = URL(string: "https://itunes.apple.com/search?term=\(term.replacingOccurrences(of: " ", with: "+"))")
let request = URLRequest(url: url!)
make(request: request) { json, error in closure?(json, error) }
}
}
URLSession示例的使用
private lazy var dataManager = DataManager(queue: DispatchQueue(label: "DataManager.queue", qos: .utility))
// .......
dataManager.searchRequest(term: "jack johnson") { json, error in
print(error ?? "nil")
print(json ?? "nil")
print("Update views")
}
结果
我已经完成了HTTP请求两种方法GET和POST与JSON解析的方式:
在viewDidLoad ():
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
makeGetRequest()
makePostRequest()
}
func makePostRequest(){
let urlPath: String = "http://www.swiftdeveloperblog.com/http-post-example-script/"
var url: NSURL = NSURL(string: urlPath)!
var request: NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "POST"
var stringPost="firstName=James&lastName=Bond" // Key and Value
let data = stringPost.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
request.timeoutInterval = 60
request.HTTPBody=data
request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies=false
let queue:NSOperationQueue = NSOperationQueue()
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let message = jsonResult["Message"] as! NSString
println(message)
}else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
func makeGetRequest(){
var url : String = "http://api.androidhive.info/contacts/"
var request : NSMutableURLRequest = NSMutableURLRequest()
request.URL = NSURL(string: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request.timeoutInterval = 60
NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(), completionHandler:{ (response:NSURLResponse!, data: NSData!, error: NSError!) -> Void in
var error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSError?> = nil
let jsonResult: NSDictionary! = NSJSONSerialization.JSONObjectWithData(data, options:NSJSONReadingOptions.MutableContainers, error: error) as? NSDictionary
if (jsonResult != nil) {
// Success
println(jsonResult)
let dataArray = jsonResult["contacts"] as! NSArray;
for item in dataArray { // loop through data items
let obj = item as! NSDictionary
for (key, value) in obj {
println("Key: \(key) - Value: \(value)")
let phone = obj["phone"] as! NSDictionary;
let mobile = phone["mobile"] as! NSString
println(mobile)
let home = phone["home"] as! NSString
println(home)
let office = phone["office"] as! NSString
println(office)
}
}
} else {
// Failed
println("Failed")
}
})
}
Done
一个简单的Swift 2.0方法来发出HTTP GET请求
HTTP请求是异步的，因此需要一种方法从HTTP请求中获取返回值。这种方法使用通知器，分布在两个类中。
示例是使用网站http://www.example.com/handler.php?do=CheckUserJson&json=检查标识符令牌的用户名和密码，该文件名为handler.php，并且在do参数上有一个switch语句以获得RESTful方法。
在viewDidLoad中，我们设置了NotifierObserver，设置了json，并调用getHTTPRequest函数。它将返回函数checkedUsernameAndPassword和从http请求返回的参数。
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// setup the Notification observer to catch the result of check username and password
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserver(self, selector: "checkedUsernameAndPassword:", name: CHECK_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD, object: nil)
let username = GlobalVariables.USER_NAME
let password = GlobalVariables.PASSWORD
// check username and password
if let jsonString = Utility.checkUsernameAndPasswordJson(username, password:password){
print("json string returned = \(jsonString)")
let url = CHECKUSERJSON+jsonString
// CHECKUSERJSON = http://www.example.com/handler.php?do=CheckUserJson&json=
// jsonString = {\"username\":\"demo\",\"password\":\"demo\"}"
// the php script handles a json request and returns a string identifier
Utility.getHTTPRequest(url,notifierId: CHECK_USERNAME_AND_PASSWORD)
// the returned identifier is sent to the checkedUsernaeAndPassword function when it becomes availabel.
}
}
在Utility.swift中有两个静态函数，首先用于编码json，然后执行HTTP调用。
static func checkUsernameAndPasswordJson(username: String, password: String) -> String?{
let para:NSMutableDictionary = NSMutableDictionary()
para.setValue("demo", forKey: "username")
para.setValue("demo", forKey: "password")
let jsonData: NSData
do{
jsonData = try NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(para, options: NSJSONWritingOptions())
let jsonString = NSString(data: jsonData, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) as! String
return jsonString
} catch _ {
print ("UH OOO")
return nil
}
}
和Http请求
static func getHTTPRequest (url:String , notifierId: String) -> Void{
let urlString = url
let config = NSURLSessionConfiguration.defaultSessionConfiguration()
let session = NSURLSession(configuration: config, delegate: nil, delegateQueue: nil)
let safeURL = urlString.stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters(NSCharacterSet.URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet())!
if let url = NSURL(string: safeURL){
let request = NSMutableURLRequest(URL: url)
request.HTTPMethod = "GET"
request.timeoutInterval = 60
let taskData = session.dataTaskWithRequest(request, completionHandler: {
(data:NSData?, response:NSURLResponse?, error:NSError?) -> Void in
if (data != nil) {
let result = NSString(data: data! , encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
sendNotification (notifierId, message: String(result), num: 0)
}else{
sendNotification (notifierId, message: String(UTF8String: nil), num: -1) }
})
taskData.resume()
}else{
print("bad urlString = \(urlString)")
}
}
sendNotification函数完成了循环。注意，在观察者中，在选择器字符串的末尾有一个“:”。这允许通知在userInfo中携带有效负载。我给它一个String和Int。
static func sendNotification (key: String, message:String?, num: Int?){
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().postNotificationName(
key,
object: nil,
userInfo: (["message": message!,
"num": "\(num!)"])
)
}
注意，使用HTTP是老式的，更喜欢HTTPS见我如何加载一个HTTP URL与应用程序传输安全启用在iOS 9?
另一个选择是Alamofire库，它提供了可链请求/响应方法。
https://github.com/Alamofire/Alamofire
提出请求
import Alamofire
Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get")
响应处理
Alamofire.request(.GET, "http://httpbin.org/get", parameters: ["foo": "bar"])
.response { request, response, data, error in
print(request)
print(response)
print(error)
}
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