下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
从Python 3.5开始，有了一个新的subprocess.run通用命令(意味着取代check_call, check_output…)，它也有timeout=参数。
subprocess.run(args， *， stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None, check=False, encoding=None, errors=None) 执行args描述的命令。等待命令完成，然后返回一个CompletedProcess实例。
它引发一个子流程。超时超时时出现TimeoutExpired异常。
其他回答
不幸的是，我的雇主在公开源代码方面有非常严格的规定，所以我不能提供实际的代码。但对我来说，最好的解决方案是创建一个子类重写Popen.wait()来轮询，而不是无限期地等待。__init__接受超时参数。一旦你这样做，所有其他Popen方法(调用等待)将按预期工作，包括通信。
从Python 3.5开始，有了一个新的subprocess.run通用命令(意味着取代check_call, check_output…)，它也有timeout=参数。
subprocess.run(args， *， stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None, check=False, encoding=None, errors=None) 执行args描述的命令。等待命令完成，然后返回一个CompletedProcess实例。
它引发一个子流程。超时超时时出现TimeoutExpired异常。
另一种选择是写入临时文件以防止标准输出阻塞，而不需要使用communication()轮询。在其他答案没有的地方，这个方法对我有用;比如在窗户上。
outFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
errFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=errFile, stdout=outFile, universal_newlines=False)
wait_remaining_sec = timeout
while proc.poll() is None and wait_remaining_sec > 0:
time.sleep(1)
wait_remaining_sec -= 1
if wait_remaining_sec <= 0:
killProc(proc.pid)
raise ProcessIncompleteError(proc, timeout)
# read temp streams from start
outFile.seek(0);
errFile.seek(0);
out = outFile.read()
err = errFile.read()
outFile.close()
errFile.close()
有一个想法是子类化Popen类并用一些简单的方法装饰器来扩展它。我们叫它ExpirablePopen吧。
from logging import error
from subprocess import Popen
from threading import Event
from threading import Thread
class ExpirablePopen(Popen):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', 0)
self.timer = None
self.done = Event()
Popen.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def __tkill(self):
timeout = self.timeout
if not self.done.wait(timeout):
error('Terminating process {} by timeout of {} secs.'.format(self.pid, timeout))
self.kill()
def expirable(func):
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
# zero timeout means call of parent method
if self.timeout == 0:
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
# if timer is None, need to start it
if self.timer is None:
self.timer = thr = Thread(target=self.__tkill)
thr.daemon = True
thr.start()
result = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.done.set()
return result
return wrapper
wait = expirable(Popen.wait)
communicate = expirable(Popen.communicate)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from subprocess import PIPE
print ExpirablePopen('ssh -T git@bitbucket.org', stdout=PIPE, timeout=1).communicate()
This solution kills the process tree in case of shell=True, passes parameters to the process (or not), has a timeout and gets the stdout, stderr and process output of the call back (it uses psutil for the kill_proc_tree). This was based on several solutions posted in SO including jcollado's. Posting in response to comments by Anson and jradice in jcollado's answer. Tested in Windows Srvr 2012 and Ubuntu 14.04. Please note that for Ubuntu you need to change the parent.children(...) call to parent.get_children(...).
def kill_proc_tree(pid, including_parent=True):
parent = psutil.Process(pid)
children = parent.children(recursive=True)
for child in children:
child.kill()
psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=5)
if including_parent:
parent.kill()
parent.wait(5)
def run_with_timeout(cmd, current_dir, cmd_parms, timeout):
def target():
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=current_dir, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# wait for the process to terminate
if (cmd_parms == ""):
out, err = process.communicate()
else:
out, err = process.communicate(cmd_parms)
errcode = process.returncode
thread = Thread(target=target)
thread.start()
thread.join(timeout)
if thread.is_alive():
me = os.getpid()
kill_proc_tree(me, including_parent=False)
thread.join()
