我已经修改了sussudio的答案。现在函数返回:(returncode, stdout, stderr, timeout) - stdout和stderr被解码为utf-8字符串

def kill_proc(proc, timeout):
  timeout["value"] = True
  proc.kill()

def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
  proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
  timeout = {"value": False}
  timer = Timer(timeout_sec, kill_proc, [proc, timeout])
  timer.start()
  stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
  timer.cancel()
  return proc.returncode, stdout.decode("utf-8"), stderr.decode("utf-8"), timeout["value"]

Jcollado的答案可以使用线程来简化。定时器类:

import shlex
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Timer

def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
    proc = Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
    timer = Timer(timeout_sec, proc.kill)
    try:
        timer.start()
        stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
    finally:
        timer.cancel()

# Examples: both take 1 second
run("sleep 1", 5)  # process ends normally at 1 second
run("sleep 5", 1)  # timeout happens at 1 second

只是想写些简单点的东西。

#!/usr/bin/python

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import datetime
import time 

popen = Popen(["/bin/sleep", "10"]);
pid = popen.pid
sttime = time.time();
waittime =  3

print "Start time %s"%(sttime)

while True:
    popen.poll();
    time.sleep(1)
    rcode = popen.returncode
    now = time.time();
    if [ rcode is None ]  and  [ now > (sttime + waittime) ] :
        print "Killing it now"
        popen.kill()

另一种选择是写入临时文件以防止标准输出阻塞，而不需要使用communication()轮询。在其他答案没有的地方，这个方法对我有用;比如在窗户上。

    outFile =  tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile() 
    errFile =   tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile() 
    proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stderr=errFile, stdout=outFile, universal_newlines=False)
    wait_remaining_sec = timeout

    while proc.poll() is None and wait_remaining_sec > 0:
        time.sleep(1)
        wait_remaining_sec -= 1

    if wait_remaining_sec <= 0:
        killProc(proc.pid)
        raise ProcessIncompleteError(proc, timeout)

    # read temp streams from start
    outFile.seek(0);
    errFile.seek(0);
    out = outFile.read()
    err = errFile.read()
    outFile.close()
    errFile.close()

我已经实现了我能从其中一些收集到的东西。这适用于Windows，因为这是一个社区维基，我想我也会分享我的代码:

class Command(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, cmd, outFile, errFile, timeout):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.process = None
        self.outFile = outFile
        self.errFile = errFile
        self.timed_out = False
        self.timeout = timeout

    def run(self):
        self.process = subprocess.Popen(self.cmd, stdout = self.outFile, \
            stderr = self.errFile)

        while (self.process.poll() is None and self.timeout > 0):
            time.sleep(1)
            self.timeout -= 1

        if not self.timeout > 0:
            self.process.terminate()
            self.timed_out = True
        else:
            self.timed_out = False

然后从另一个类或文件:

        outFile =  tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
        errFile =   tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()

        executor = command.Command(c, outFile, errFile, timeout)
        executor.daemon = True
        executor.start()

        executor.join()
        if executor.timed_out:
            out = 'timed out'
        else:
            outFile.seek(0)
            errFile.seek(0)
            out = outFile.read()
            err = errFile.read()

        outFile.close()
        errFile.close()

在Python 3.3+中:

from subprocess import STDOUT, check_output

output = check_output(cmd, stderr=STDOUT, timeout=seconds)

输出是一个字节字符串，包含命令合并的标准输出、标准输出数据。

与proc. communication()方法不同，check_output在问题文本中指定的非零退出状态上引发CalledProcessError。

我删除了shell=True，因为它经常被不必要地使用。如果cmd确实需要它，您总是可以将它添加回来。如果你添加shell=True，也就是说，如果子进程产生了自己的后代;check_output()的返回时间可能比超时时间晚得多，请参见子进程超时失败。

超时特性在Python 2中可用。X通过3.2+ subprocess模块的subprocess32后端端口实现。