下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-subprocess2提供了子流程模块的扩展，允许您等待一段时间，否则将终止。
因此，等待最多10秒的进程终止，否则kill:
pipe = subprocess.Popen('...')
timeout = 10
results = pipe.waitOrTerminate(timeout)
这与windows和unix兼容。"results"是一个字典，它包含"returnCode"，这是应用程序的返回(或None，如果它必须被杀死)，以及"actionTaken"。如果流程正常完成，则为“SUBPROCESS2_PROCESS_COMPLETED”，或者根据所采取的操作，为“SUBPROCESS2_PROCESS_TERMINATED”和SUBPROCESS2_PROCESS_KILLED(详细信息请参阅文档)
其他回答
Jcollado的答案可以使用线程来简化。定时器类:
import shlex
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Timer
def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
proc = Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
timer = Timer(timeout_sec, proc.kill)
try:
timer.start()
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
finally:
timer.cancel()
# Examples: both take 1 second
run("sleep 1", 5) # process ends normally at 1 second
run("sleep 5", 1) # timeout happens at 1 second
我已经实现了我能从其中一些收集到的东西。这适用于Windows，因为这是一个社区维基，我想我也会分享我的代码:
class Command(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, cmd, outFile, errFile, timeout):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.cmd = cmd
self.process = None
self.outFile = outFile
self.errFile = errFile
self.timed_out = False
self.timeout = timeout
def run(self):
self.process = subprocess.Popen(self.cmd, stdout = self.outFile, \
stderr = self.errFile)
while (self.process.poll() is None and self.timeout > 0):
time.sleep(1)
self.timeout -= 1
if not self.timeout > 0:
self.process.terminate()
self.timed_out = True
else:
self.timed_out = False
然后从另一个类或文件:
outFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
errFile = tempfile.SpooledTemporaryFile()
executor = command.Command(c, outFile, errFile, timeout)
executor.daemon = True
executor.start()
executor.join()
if executor.timed_out:
out = 'timed out'
else:
outFile.seek(0)
errFile.seek(0)
out = outFile.read()
err = errFile.read()
outFile.close()
errFile.close()
仅适用于Linux，但如果有人想使用subprocess.getstatusoutput()，其中timeout参数不可用，您可以在命令的开头使用内置的Linux timeout，即:
import subprocess
timeout = 25 # seconds
cmd = f"timeout --preserve-status --foreground {timeout} ping duckgo.com"
exit_c, out = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)
if (exit_c == 0):
print("success")
else:
print("Error: ", out)
超时参数:
——preserve-status:保留退出状态 ——前台:在前台运行 25:超时时间，单位为秒
对于python 2.6+，使用gevent
from gevent.subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
def call_sys(cmd, timeout):
p= Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
output, _ = p.communicate(timeout=timeout)
assert p.returncode == 0, p. returncode
return output
call_sys('./t.sh', 2)
# t.sh example
sleep 5
echo done
exit 1
我已经修改了sussudio的答案。现在函数返回:(returncode, stdout, stderr, timeout) - stdout和stderr被解码为utf-8字符串
def kill_proc(proc, timeout):
timeout["value"] = True
proc.kill()
def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
timeout = {"value": False}
timer = Timer(timeout_sec, kill_proc, [proc, timeout])
timer.start()
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
timer.cancel()
return proc.returncode, stdout.decode("utf-8"), stderr.decode("utf-8"), timeout["value"]
