下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码,或在非零退出码上引发异常:

proc = subprocess.Popen(
    cmd,
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,  # Merge stdout and stderr
    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    shell=True)

communication用于等待进程退出:

stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()

子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此,通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。

在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?


当前回答

这是我的解决方案,我使用线程和事件:

import subprocess
from threading import Thread, Event

def kill_on_timeout(done, timeout, proc):
    if not done.wait(timeout):
        proc.kill()

def exec_command(command, timeout):

    done = Event()
    proc = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    watcher = Thread(target=kill_on_timeout, args=(done, timeout, proc))
    watcher.daemon = True
    watcher.start()

    data, stderr = proc.communicate()
    done.set()

    return data, stderr, proc.returncode

在行动:

In [2]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 5)
Out[2]: ('', '', -9)

In [3]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 11)
Out[3]: ('', '', 0)

其他回答

您可以使用select来完成此操作

import subprocess
from datetime import datetime
from select import select

def call_with_timeout(cmd, timeout):
    started = datetime.now()
    sp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    while True:
        p = select([sp.stdout], [], [], timeout)
        if p[0]:
            p[0][0].read()
        ret = sp.poll()
        if ret is not None:
            return ret
        if (datetime.now()-started).total_seconds() > timeout:
            sp.kill()
            return None

在Python 3.7.8中超时测试后捕获的输出示例:

try:
    return subprocess.run(command, shell=True, capture_output=True, timeout=20, cwd=cwd, universal_newlines=True)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired as e:
    print(e.output.decode(encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore"))
    assert False;

异常子进程。TimeoutExpired有输出和其他成员:

cmd -用于生成子进程的命令。 timeout -超时时间,单位为秒。 output -子进程的输出,如果它是由run()或 check_output()。否则,没有。 stdout -输出的别名,用于与stderr对称。 stderr -子进程的stderr输出,如果它被捕获 run()。否则,没有。

更多信息:https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.TimeoutExpired

我已经修改了sussudio的答案。现在函数返回:(returncode, stdout, stderr, timeout) - stdout和stderr被解码为utf-8字符串

def kill_proc(proc, timeout):
  timeout["value"] = True
  proc.kill()

def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
  proc = subprocess.Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
  timeout = {"value": False}
  timer = Timer(timeout_sec, kill_proc, [proc, timeout])
  timer.start()
  stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
  timer.cancel()
  return proc.returncode, stdout.decode("utf-8"), stderr.decode("utf-8"), timeout["value"]

如果你正在使用python2,请尝试一下

import subprocess32

try:
    output = subprocess32.check_output(command, shell=True, timeout=3)
except subprocess32.TimeoutExpired as e:
    print e

对于python 2.6+,使用gevent

 from gevent.subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT

 def call_sys(cmd, timeout):
      p= Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
      output, _ = p.communicate(timeout=timeout)
      assert p.returncode == 0, p. returncode
      return output

 call_sys('./t.sh', 2)

 # t.sh example
 sleep 5
 echo done
 exit 1