下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
您可以使用select来完成此操作
import subprocess
from datetime import datetime
from select import select
def call_with_timeout(cmd, timeout):
started = datetime.now()
sp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
while True:
p = select([sp.stdout], [], [], timeout)
if p[0]:
p[0][0].read()
ret = sp.poll()
if ret is not None:
return ret
if (datetime.now()-started).total_seconds() > timeout:
sp.kill()
return None
其他回答
不幸的是，我的雇主在公开源代码方面有非常严格的规定，所以我不能提供实际的代码。但对我来说，最好的解决方案是创建一个子类重写Popen.wait()来轮询，而不是无限期地等待。__init__接受超时参数。一旦你这样做，所有其他Popen方法(调用等待)将按预期工作，包括通信。
这是我的解决方案，我使用线程和事件:
import subprocess
from threading import Thread, Event
def kill_on_timeout(done, timeout, proc):
if not done.wait(timeout):
proc.kill()
def exec_command(command, timeout):
done = Event()
proc = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
watcher = Thread(target=kill_on_timeout, args=(done, timeout, proc))
watcher.daemon = True
watcher.start()
data, stderr = proc.communicate()
done.set()
return data, stderr, proc.returncode
在行动:
In [2]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 5)
Out[2]: ('', '', -9)
In [3]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 11)
Out[3]: ('', '', 0)
对于python 2.6+，使用gevent
from gevent.subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
def call_sys(cmd, timeout):
p= Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE)
output, _ = p.communicate(timeout=timeout)
assert p.returncode == 0, p. returncode
return output
call_sys('./t.sh', 2)
# t.sh example
sleep 5
echo done
exit 1
有一个想法是子类化Popen类并用一些简单的方法装饰器来扩展它。我们叫它ExpirablePopen吧。
from logging import error
from subprocess import Popen
from threading import Event
from threading import Thread
class ExpirablePopen(Popen):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.timeout = kwargs.pop('timeout', 0)
self.timer = None
self.done = Event()
Popen.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def __tkill(self):
timeout = self.timeout
if not self.done.wait(timeout):
error('Terminating process {} by timeout of {} secs.'.format(self.pid, timeout))
self.kill()
def expirable(func):
def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
# zero timeout means call of parent method
if self.timeout == 0:
return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
# if timer is None, need to start it
if self.timer is None:
self.timer = thr = Thread(target=self.__tkill)
thr.daemon = True
thr.start()
result = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.done.set()
return result
return wrapper
wait = expirable(Popen.wait)
communicate = expirable(Popen.communicate)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from subprocess import PIPE
print ExpirablePopen('ssh -T git@bitbucket.org', stdout=PIPE, timeout=1).communicate()
python 2.7
import time
import subprocess
def run_command(cmd, timeout=0):
start_time = time.time()
df = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
while timeout and df.poll() == None:
if time.time()-start_time >= timeout:
df.kill()
return -1, ""
output = '\n'.join(df.communicate()).strip()
return df.returncode, output
