仅适用于Linux，但如果有人想使用subprocess.getstatusoutput()，其中timeout参数不可用，您可以在命令的开头使用内置的Linux timeout，即:

import subprocess

timeout = 25 # seconds
cmd = f"timeout --preserve-status --foreground {timeout} ping duckgo.com"
exit_c, out = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)

if (exit_c == 0):
    print("success")
else:
    print("Error: ", out)

超时参数:

——preserve-status:保留退出状态 ——前台:在前台运行 25:超时时间，单位为秒

timeout现在由子进程模块中的call()和communication()支持(从Python3.3开始):

import subprocess

subprocess.call("command", timeout=20, shell=True)

这将调用该命令并引发异常

subprocess.TimeoutExpired

如果命令在20秒后还没有完成。

然后你可以处理异常来继续你的代码，就像这样:

try:
    subprocess.call("command", timeout=20, shell=True)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
    # insert code here

希望这能有所帮助。

This solution kills the process tree in case of shell=True, passes parameters to the process (or not), has a timeout and gets the stdout, stderr and process output of the call back (it uses psutil for the kill_proc_tree). This was based on several solutions posted in SO including jcollado's. Posting in response to comments by Anson and jradice in jcollado's answer. Tested in Windows Srvr 2012 and Ubuntu 14.04. Please note that for Ubuntu you need to change the parent.children(...) call to parent.get_children(...).

def kill_proc_tree(pid, including_parent=True):
  parent = psutil.Process(pid)
  children = parent.children(recursive=True)
  for child in children:
    child.kill()
  psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=5)
  if including_parent:
    parent.kill()
    parent.wait(5)

def run_with_timeout(cmd, current_dir, cmd_parms, timeout):
  def target():
    process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=current_dir, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

    # wait for the process to terminate
    if (cmd_parms == ""):
      out, err = process.communicate()
    else:
      out, err = process.communicate(cmd_parms)
    errcode = process.returncode

  thread = Thread(target=target)
  thread.start()

  thread.join(timeout)
  if thread.is_alive():
    me = os.getpid()
    kill_proc_tree(me, including_parent=False)
    thread.join()

您可以使用select来完成此操作

import subprocess
from datetime import datetime
from select import select

def call_with_timeout(cmd, timeout):
    started = datetime.now()
    sp = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    while True:
        p = select([sp.stdout], [], [], timeout)
        if p[0]:
            p[0][0].read()
        ret = sp.poll()
        if ret is not None:
            return ret
        if (datetime.now()-started).total_seconds() > timeout:
            sp.kill()
            return None

虽然我还没有广泛地研究它，但我在ActiveState中发现的这个装饰器似乎对这类事情非常有用。伴随着subprocess.Popen(…， close_fds=True)，至少我已经准备好在Python中编写shell脚本。

在Python 3.3+中:

from subprocess import STDOUT, check_output

output = check_output(cmd, stderr=STDOUT, timeout=seconds)

输出是一个字节字符串，包含命令合并的标准输出、标准输出数据。

与proc. communication()方法不同，check_output在问题文本中指定的非零退出状态上引发CalledProcessError。

我删除了shell=True，因为它经常被不必要地使用。如果cmd确实需要它，您总是可以将它添加回来。如果你添加shell=True，也就是说，如果子进程产生了自己的后代;check_output()的返回时间可能比超时时间晚得多，请参见子进程超时失败。

超时特性在Python 2中可用。X通过3.2+ subprocess模块的subprocess32后端端口实现。