下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码,或在非零退出码上引发异常:

proc = subprocess.Popen(
    cmd,
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,  # Merge stdout and stderr
    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    shell=True)

communication用于等待进程退出:

stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()

子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此,通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。

在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?


当前回答

仅适用于Linux,但如果有人想使用subprocess.getstatusoutput(),其中timeout参数不可用,您可以在命令的开头使用内置的Linux timeout,即:

import subprocess

timeout = 25 # seconds
cmd = f"timeout --preserve-status --foreground {timeout} ping duckgo.com"
exit_c, out = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)

if (exit_c == 0):
    print("success")
else:
    print("Error: ", out)

超时参数:

——preserve-status:保留退出状态 ——前台:在前台运行 25:超时时间,单位为秒

其他回答

下面是Alex Martelli的解决方案,它是一个具有适当进程终止的模块。其他方法不起作用,因为它们没有使用proc. communication()。所以如果你有一个产生大量输出的进程,它会填满它的输出缓冲区,然后阻塞,直到你从中读取一些东西。

from os import kill
from signal import alarm, signal, SIGALRM, SIGKILL
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen

def run(args, cwd = None, shell = False, kill_tree = True, timeout = -1, env = None):
    '''
    Run a command with a timeout after which it will be forcibly
    killed.
    '''
    class Alarm(Exception):
        pass
    def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
        raise Alarm
    p = Popen(args, shell = shell, cwd = cwd, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE, env = env)
    if timeout != -1:
        signal(SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
        alarm(timeout)
    try:
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        if timeout != -1:
            alarm(0)
    except Alarm:
        pids = [p.pid]
        if kill_tree:
            pids.extend(get_process_children(p.pid))
        for pid in pids:
            # process might have died before getting to this line
            # so wrap to avoid OSError: no such process
            try: 
                kill(pid, SIGKILL)
            except OSError:
                pass
        return -9, '', ''
    return p.returncode, stdout, stderr

def get_process_children(pid):
    p = Popen('ps --no-headers -o pid --ppid %d' % pid, shell = True,
              stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
    stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
    return [int(p) for p in stdout.split()]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print run('find /', shell = True, timeout = 3)
    print run('find', shell = True)

我已经在Windows, Linux和Mac上成功地使用了killableprocess。如果你使用Cygwin Python,你将需要OSAF的killableprocess版本,否则本机Windows进程将不会被杀死。

仅适用于Linux,但如果有人想使用subprocess.getstatusoutput(),其中timeout参数不可用,您可以在命令的开头使用内置的Linux timeout,即:

import subprocess

timeout = 25 # seconds
cmd = f"timeout --preserve-status --foreground {timeout} ping duckgo.com"
exit_c, out = subprocess.getstatusoutput(cmd)

if (exit_c == 0):
    print("success")
else:
    print("Error: ", out)

超时参数:

——preserve-status:保留退出状态 ——前台:在前台运行 25:超时时间,单位为秒

我对底层细节了解不多;但是,考虑到这一点 python 2.6的API提供了等待线程和的能力 终止进程,那么在一个单独的进程中运行该进程呢 的线程吗?

import subprocess, threading

class Command(object):
    def __init__(self, cmd):
        self.cmd = cmd
        self.process = None

    def run(self, timeout):
        def target():
            print 'Thread started'
            self.process = subprocess.Popen(self.cmd, shell=True)
            self.process.communicate()
            print 'Thread finished'

        thread = threading.Thread(target=target)
        thread.start()

        thread.join(timeout)
        if thread.is_alive():
            print 'Terminating process'
            self.process.terminate()
            thread.join()
        print self.process.returncode

command = Command("echo 'Process started'; sleep 2; echo 'Process finished'")
command.run(timeout=3)
command.run(timeout=1)

这段代码在我的机器中的输出是:

Thread started
Process started
Process finished
Thread finished
0
Thread started
Process started
Terminating process
Thread finished
-15

在哪里可以看到,在第一次执行的过程 正确完成(返回代码0),而在第二个 进程被终止(返回代码-15)。

我没有在windows中测试;但是,除了更新示例之外 命令,我想它应该工作,因为我还没有找到 记录任何说明该线程的内容。Join或process.terminate 不支持。

只是想写些简单点的东西。

#!/usr/bin/python

from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import datetime
import time 

popen = Popen(["/bin/sleep", "10"]);
pid = popen.pid
sttime = time.time();
waittime =  3

print "Start time %s"%(sttime)

while True:
    popen.poll();
    time.sleep(1)
    rcode = popen.returncode
    now = time.time();
    if [ rcode is None ]  and  [ now > (sttime + waittime) ] :
        print "Killing it now"
        popen.kill()