下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
我使用的解决方案是在shell命令前面加上timelimit。如果命令花费的时间太长，timelimit将停止它，Popen将有一个由timelimit设置的返回码。如果它是> 128，它意味着时间限制杀死进程。
参见python subprocess with timeout and large output (>64K)
其他回答
只是想写些简单点的东西。
#!/usr/bin/python
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import datetime
import time
popen = Popen(["/bin/sleep", "10"]);
pid = popen.pid
sttime = time.time();
waittime = 3
print "Start time %s"%(sttime)
while True:
popen.poll();
time.sleep(1)
rcode = popen.returncode
now = time.time();
if [ rcode is None ] and [ now > (sttime + waittime) ] :
print "Killing it now"
popen.kill()
我添加了从jcollado线程到我的Python模块easyprocess的解决方案。
安装:
pip install easyprocess
例子:
from easyprocess import Proc
# shell is not supported!
stdout=Proc('ping localhost').call(timeout=1.5).stdout
print stdout
从Python 3.5开始，有了一个新的subprocess.run通用命令(意味着取代check_call, check_output…)，它也有timeout=参数。
subprocess.run(args， *， stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, cwd=None, timeout=None, check=False, encoding=None, errors=None) 执行args描述的命令。等待命令完成，然后返回一个CompletedProcess实例。
它引发一个子流程。超时超时时出现TimeoutExpired异常。
Jcollado的答案可以使用线程来简化。定时器类:
import shlex
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Timer
def run(cmd, timeout_sec):
proc = Popen(shlex.split(cmd), stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
timer = Timer(timeout_sec, proc.kill)
try:
timer.start()
stdout, stderr = proc.communicate()
finally:
timer.cancel()
# Examples: both take 1 second
run("sleep 1", 5) # process ends normally at 1 second
run("sleep 5", 1) # timeout happens at 1 second
This solution kills the process tree in case of shell=True, passes parameters to the process (or not), has a timeout and gets the stdout, stderr and process output of the call back (it uses psutil for the kill_proc_tree). This was based on several solutions posted in SO including jcollado's. Posting in response to comments by Anson and jradice in jcollado's answer. Tested in Windows Srvr 2012 and Ubuntu 14.04. Please note that for Ubuntu you need to change the parent.children(...) call to parent.get_children(...).
def kill_proc_tree(pid, including_parent=True):
parent = psutil.Process(pid)
children = parent.children(recursive=True)
for child in children:
child.kill()
psutil.wait_procs(children, timeout=5)
if including_parent:
parent.kill()
parent.wait(5)
def run_with_timeout(cmd, current_dir, cmd_parms, timeout):
def target():
process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, cwd=current_dir, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# wait for the process to terminate
if (cmd_parms == ""):
out, err = process.communicate()
else:
out, err = process.communicate(cmd_parms)
errcode = process.returncode
thread = Thread(target=target)
thread.start()
thread.join(timeout)
if thread.is_alive():
me = os.getpid()
kill_proc_tree(me, including_parent=False)
thread.join()
