下面是运行任意命令返回其标准输出数据的Python代码，或在非零退出码上引发异常:
proc = subprocess.Popen(
cmd,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, # Merge stdout and stderr
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
shell=True)
communication用于等待进程退出:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
子进程模块不支持超时——杀死运行超过X秒的进程的能力——因此，通信可能需要很长时间才能运行。
在Windows和Linux上运行的Python程序中实现超时的最简单方法是什么?
当前回答
下面是Alex Martelli的解决方案，它是一个具有适当进程终止的模块。其他方法不起作用，因为它们没有使用proc. communication()。所以如果你有一个产生大量输出的进程，它会填满它的输出缓冲区，然后阻塞，直到你从中读取一些东西。
from os import kill
from signal import alarm, signal, SIGALRM, SIGKILL
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
def run(args, cwd = None, shell = False, kill_tree = True, timeout = -1, env = None):
'''
Run a command with a timeout after which it will be forcibly
killed.
'''
class Alarm(Exception):
pass
def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
raise Alarm
p = Popen(args, shell = shell, cwd = cwd, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE, env = env)
if timeout != -1:
signal(SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
alarm(timeout)
try:
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
if timeout != -1:
alarm(0)
except Alarm:
pids = [p.pid]
if kill_tree:
pids.extend(get_process_children(p.pid))
for pid in pids:
# process might have died before getting to this line
# so wrap to avoid OSError: no such process
try:
kill(pid, SIGKILL)
except OSError:
pass
return -9, '', ''
return p.returncode, stdout, stderr
def get_process_children(pid):
p = Popen('ps --no-headers -o pid --ppid %d' % pid, shell = True,
stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return [int(p) for p in stdout.split()]
if __name__ == '__main__':
print run('find /', shell = True, timeout = 3)
print run('find', shell = True)
其他回答
如果你用的是Unix，
import signal
...
class Alarm(Exception):
pass
def alarm_handler(signum, frame):
raise Alarm
signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarm_handler)
signal.alarm(5*60) # 5 minutes
try:
stdoutdata, stderrdata = proc.communicate()
signal.alarm(0) # reset the alarm
except Alarm:
print "Oops, taking too long!"
# whatever else
这是我的解决方案，我使用线程和事件:
import subprocess
from threading import Thread, Event
def kill_on_timeout(done, timeout, proc):
if not done.wait(timeout):
proc.kill()
def exec_command(command, timeout):
done = Event()
proc = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
watcher = Thread(target=kill_on_timeout, args=(done, timeout, proc))
watcher.daemon = True
watcher.start()
data, stderr = proc.communicate()
done.set()
return data, stderr, proc.returncode
在行动:
In [2]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 5)
Out[2]: ('', '', -9)
In [3]: exec_command(['sleep', '10'], 11)
Out[3]: ('', '', 0)
预先设置Linux命令超时并不是一个糟糕的解决方法，它对我来说是有效的。
cmd = "timeout 20 "+ cmd
subprocess.Popen(cmd.split(), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
(output, err) = p.communicate()
在Python 3.3+中:
from subprocess import STDOUT, check_output
output = check_output(cmd, stderr=STDOUT, timeout=seconds)
输出是一个字节字符串，包含命令合并的标准输出、标准输出数据。
与proc. communication()方法不同，check_output在问题文本中指定的非零退出状态上引发CalledProcessError。
我删除了shell=True，因为它经常被不必要地使用。如果cmd确实需要它，您总是可以将它添加回来。如果你添加shell=True，也就是说，如果子进程产生了自己的后代;check_output()的返回时间可能比超时时间晚得多，请参见子进程超时失败。
超时特性在Python 2中可用。X通过3.2+ subprocess模块的subprocess32后端端口实现。
只是想写些简单点的东西。
#!/usr/bin/python
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import datetime
import time
popen = Popen(["/bin/sleep", "10"]);
pid = popen.pid
sttime = time.time();
waittime = 3
print "Start time %s"%(sttime)
while True:
popen.poll();
time.sleep(1)
rcode = popen.returncode
now = time.time();
if [ rcode is None ] and [ now > (sttime + waittime) ] :
print "Killing it now"
popen.kill()
