用整数除以2，哪个选项更好?

以下哪一种技术是整数除2的最佳选择，为什么?

技巧1:

x = x >> 1;

技巧2:

x = x / 2;

这里x是整数。

当前回答

哪一个是最好的选择，为什么整数除以2?

这取决于你对最佳的定义。

如果你想让你的同事讨厌你，或者让你的代码难以阅读，我肯定会选择第一个选择。

如果你想把一个数除以2，就用第二个数。

这两者是不等价的，如果数字是负的或在更大的表达式中，它们的行为是不一样的——bitshift的优先级比+或-低，除法的优先级更高。

您应该编写代码来表达其意图。如果您关心的是性能，不要担心，优化器在这类微优化方面做得很好。

2012-05-21 07:59:03

其他回答

使用最能描述您要做的事情的操作。

如果你将数字作为一个比特序列来处理，请使用bitshift。如果你把它当作一个数值，使用除法。

请注意，它们并不完全相等。对于负整数，它们可以给出不同的结果。例如:

-5 / 2  = -2
-5 >> 1 = -3

(ideone)

2012-05-21 07:57:52

我想说有几件事需要考虑。

Bitshift should be faster, as no special computation is really needed to shift the bits, however as pointed out, there are potential issues with negative numbers. If you are ensured to have positive numbers, and are looking for speed then I would recommend bitshift. The division operator is very easy for humans to read. So if you are looking for code readability, you could use this. Note that the field of compiler optimization has come a long way, so making code easy to read and understand is good practice. Depending on the underlying hardware, operations may have different speeds. Amdal's law is to make the common case fast. So you may have hardware that can perform different operations faster than others. For example, multiplying by 0.5 may be faster than dividing by 2. (Granted you may need to take the floor of the multiplication if you wish to enforce integer division).

如果您追求的是纯粹的性能，我建议您创建一些可以执行数百万次操作的测试。对执行进行多次采样(您的样本量)，以确定哪一个在统计上最适合您的操作系统/硬件/编译器/代码。

2012-05-21 20:21:51