我曾看到它被用作“动态类型”指针的轻微性能hack(在“引擎盖下”一节中):

但这是我用来获得小类型的快速性能的棘手技巧:如果所持有的值可以放入void*中，我实际上不需要分配一个新对象，而是使用placement new将其强制到指针本身。

我还有一个想法(它对c++ 11有效)。

让我们看看下面的例子:

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>

int main() {
    struct alignas(0x1000) A {
        char data[0x1000];
    };

    printf("max_align_t: %zu\n", alignof(max_align_t));

    A a;
    printf("a: %p\n", &a);

    A *ptr = new A;
    printf("ptr: %p\n", ptr);
    delete ptr;
}

使用c++ 11标准，GCC给出以下输出:

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffd45e6f000
ptr: 0x1fe3ec0

PTR没有正确对齐。

对于c++ 17标准和更高级的标准，GCC给出了以下输出:

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffc924f6000
ptr: 0x9f6000

PTR对齐正确。

据我所知，c++标准在c++ 17之前不支持过对齐的new，如果你的结构的对齐大于max_align_t，你就会遇到问题。 要在c++ 11中绕过这个问题，可以使用aligned_alloc。

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <new>

int main() {
    struct alignas(0x1000) A {
        char data[0x1000];
    };

    printf("max_align_t: %zu\n", alignof(max_align_t));

    A a;
    printf("a: %p\n", &a);

    void *buf = aligned_alloc(alignof(A), sizeof(A));
    if (buf == nullptr) {
        printf("aligned_alloc() failed\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    A *ptr = new(buf) A();
    printf("ptr: %p\n", ptr);
    ptr->~A();
    free(ptr);
}

在这种情况下PTR是对齐的。

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffe56b57000
ptr: 0x2416000

The one place I've run across it is in containers which allocate a contiguous buffer and then fill it with objects as required. As mentioned, std::vector might do this, and I know some versions of MFC CArray and/or CList did this (because that's where I first ran across it). The buffer over-allocation method is a very useful optimization, and placement new is pretty much the only way to construct objects in that scenario. It is also used sometimes to construct objects in memory blocks allocated outside of your direct code.

我在类似的情况下使用过它，尽管它不经常出现。不过，它是c++工具箱中的一个有用工具。

当您想重新初始化全局或静态分配的结构时，它也很有用。

旧的C方法是使用memset()将所有元素设置为0。在c++中，由于虚函数和自定义对象构造函数，无法做到这一点。

所以我有时会用下面的方法

 static Mystruct m;

 for(...)  {
     // re-initialize the structure. Note the use of placement new
     // and the extra parenthesis after Mystruct to force initialization.
     new (&m) Mystruct();

     // do-some work that modifies m's content.
 }

我使用它来创建基于内存的对象，其中包含从网络接收到的消息。

Head Geek: BINGO! You got it totally - that's exactly what it's perfect for. In many embedded environments, external constraints and/or the overall use scenario forces the programmer to separate the allocation of an object from its initialization. Lumped together, C++ calls this "instantiation"; but whenever the constructor's action must be explicitly invoked WITHOUT dynamic or automatic allocation, placement new is the way to do it. It's also the perfect way to locate a global C++ object that is pinned to the address of a hardware component (memory-mapped I/O), or for any static object that, for whatever reason, must reside at a fixed address.