Head Geek: BINGO! You got it totally - that's exactly what it's perfect for. In many embedded environments, external constraints and/or the overall use scenario forces the programmer to separate the allocation of an object from its initialization. Lumped together, C++ calls this "instantiation"; but whenever the constructor's action must be explicitly invoked WITHOUT dynamic or automatic allocation, placement new is the way to do it. It's also the perfect way to locate a global C++ object that is pinned to the address of a hardware component (memory-mapped I/O), or for any static object that, for whatever reason, must reside at a fixed address.

The one place I've run across it is in containers which allocate a contiguous buffer and then fill it with objects as required. As mentioned, std::vector might do this, and I know some versions of MFC CArray and/or CList did this (because that's where I first ran across it). The buffer over-allocation method is a very useful optimization, and placement new is pretty much the only way to construct objects in that scenario. It is also used sometimes to construct objects in memory blocks allocated outside of your direct code.

我在类似的情况下使用过它，尽管它不经常出现。不过，它是c++工具箱中的一个有用工具。

如果你正在构建一个内核，它很有用——你把从磁盘或页表读取的内核代码放在哪里?你得知道该往哪里跳。

或者在其他非常罕见的情况下，比如当你有大量分配的空间，想要把几个结构放在彼此后面。它们可以这样打包，而不需要使用offset()操作符。不过，还有其他的技巧。

我也相信一些STL实现使用了新位置，比如std::vector。它们以这种方式为2^n个元素分配空间，而不需要总是realloc。

我还有一个想法(它对c++ 11有效)。

让我们看看下面的例子:

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>

int main() {
    struct alignas(0x1000) A {
        char data[0x1000];
    };

    printf("max_align_t: %zu\n", alignof(max_align_t));

    A a;
    printf("a: %p\n", &a);

    A *ptr = new A;
    printf("ptr: %p\n", ptr);
    delete ptr;
}

使用c++ 11标准，GCC给出以下输出:

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffd45e6f000
ptr: 0x1fe3ec0

PTR没有正确对齐。

对于c++ 17标准和更高级的标准，GCC给出了以下输出:

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffc924f6000
ptr: 0x9f6000

PTR对齐正确。

据我所知，c++标准在c++ 17之前不支持过对齐的new，如果你的结构的对齐大于max_align_t，你就会遇到问题。 要在c++ 11中绕过这个问题，可以使用aligned_alloc。

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdio>
#include <new>

int main() {
    struct alignas(0x1000) A {
        char data[0x1000];
    };

    printf("max_align_t: %zu\n", alignof(max_align_t));

    A a;
    printf("a: %p\n", &a);

    void *buf = aligned_alloc(alignof(A), sizeof(A));
    if (buf == nullptr) {
        printf("aligned_alloc() failed\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    A *ptr = new(buf) A();
    printf("ptr: %p\n", ptr);
    ptr->~A();
    free(ptr);
}

在这种情况下PTR是对齐的。

max_align_t: 16
a: 0x7ffe56b57000
ptr: 0x2416000

我使用它来创建基于内存的对象，其中包含从网络接收到的消息。

我用它来存储带有内存映射文件的对象。 具体的例子是一个图像数据库，它处理大量的大图像(超过内存容量)。