这是我一直在玩的埃拉托色尼筛子的Python实现。

def eratosthenes(maximum: int) -> list[int | None]:
    """
    Find all the prime numbers between 2 and `maximum`.

    Args:
        maximum: The maximum number to check.

    Returns:
        A list of primes between 2 and `maximum`.
    """

    if maximum < 2:
        return []

    # Discard even numbers by default.
    sequence = dict.fromkeys(range(3, maximum+1, 2), True)

    for num, is_prime in sequence.items():
        # Already filtered, let's skip it.
        if not is_prime:
            continue

        # Avoid marking the same number twice.
        for num2 in range(num ** 2, maximum+1, num):
            # Here, `num2` might contain an even number - skip it.
            if num2 in sequence:
                sequence[num2] = False

    # Re-add 2 as prime and filter out the composite numbers.
    return [2] + [num for num, is_prime in sequence.items() if is_prime]

在一台简陋的三星Galaxy A40上，该代码大约需要16秒才能输入10000000个数字。

欢迎提出建议!

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int set [1000000];

int main (){

    for (int i=0; i<1000000; i++){
        set [i] = 0;
    }
    int set_size= 1000;
    set [set_size];
    set [0] = 2;
    set [1] = 3;
    int Ps = 0;
    int last = 2;

    cout << 2 << " " << 3 << " ";

    for (int n=1; n<10000; n++){
        int t = 0;
        Ps = (n%2)+1+(3*n);
        for (int i=0; i==i; i++){
            if (set [i] == 0) break;
            if (Ps%set[i]==0){
                t=1;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (t==0){
            cout << Ps << " ";
            set [last] = Ps;
            last++;
        }
    }
    //cout << last << endl;


    cout << endl;

    system ("pause");
    return 0;
}

我总是用这种方法来计算筛子算法后面的质数。

void primelist()
 {
   for(int i = 4; i < pr; i += 2) mark[ i ] = false;
   for(int i = 3; i < pr; i += 2) mark[ i ] = true; mark[ 2 ] = true;
   for(int i = 3, sq = sqrt( pr ); i < sq; i += 2)
       if(mark[ i ])
          for(int j = i << 1; j < pr; j += i) mark[ j ] = false;
  prime[ 0 ] = 2; ind = 1;
  for(int i = 3; i < pr; i += 2)
    if(mark[ i ]) ind++; printf("%d\n", ind);
 }

如果它必须非常快，你可以包括一个质数列表: http://www.bigprimes.net/archive/prime/

如果你只想知道某个数是不是质数，维基百科上列出了各种质数判别法。它们可能是确定大数是否为质数的最快方法，特别是因为它们可以告诉你一个数是否为质数。

i wrote it today in C,compiled with tcc, figured out during preparation of compititive exams several years back. don't know if anyone already have wrote it alredy. it really fast(but you should decide whether it is fast or not). took one or two minuts to findout about 1,00,004 prime numbers between 10 and 1,00,00,000 on i7 processor with average 32% CPU use. as you know, only those can be prime which have last digit either 1,3,7 or 9 and to check if that number is prime or not, you have to divide that number by previously found prime numbers only. so first take group of four number = {1,3,7,9}, test it by dividing by known prime numbers, if reminder is non zero then number is prime, add it to prime number array. then add 10 to group so it becomes {11,13,17,19} and repeat the process.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {    
    int nums[4]={1,3,7,9};
    int primes[100000];
    primes[0]=2;
    primes[1]=3;
    primes[2]=5;
    primes[3]=7;
    int found = 4;
    int got = 1;
    int m=0;
    int upto = 1000000;
    for(int i=0;i<upto;i++){
        //printf("iteration number: %d\n",i);
        for(int j=0;j<4;j++){
            m = nums[j]+10;
            //printf("m = %d\n",m);
            nums[j] = m;
            got = 1;
            for(int k=0;k<found;k++){
                //printf("testing with %d\n",primes[k]);
                if(m%primes[k]==0){
                    got = 0;
                    //printf("%d failed for %d\n",m,primes[k]);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(got==1){
                //printf("got new prime: %d\n",m);
                primes[found]= m;
                found++;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("found total %d prime numbers between 1 and %d",found,upto*10);
    return 0;
}

我最近写了这段代码来求数字的和。它可以很容易地修改，以确定一个数字是否是质数。基准测试在代码之上。

// built on core-i2 e8400
// Benchmark from PowerShell
// Measure-Command { ExeName.exe }
// Days              : 0
// Hours             : 0
// Minutes           : 0
// Seconds           : 23
// Milliseconds      : 516
// Ticks             : 235162598
// TotalDays         : 0.00027217893287037
// TotalHours        : 0.00653229438888889
// TotalMinutes      : 0.391937663333333
// TotalSeconds      : 23.5162598
// TotalMilliseconds : 23516.2598
// built with latest MSVC
// cl /EHsc /std:c++latest main.cpp /O2 /fp:fast /Qpar

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

inline auto prime = [](std::uint64_t I, std::vector<std::uint64_t> &cache) -> std::uint64_t {
    std::uint64_t root{static_cast<std::uint64_t>(std::sqrtl(I))};
    for (std::size_t i{}; cache[i] <= root; ++i)
        if (I % cache[i] == 0)
            return 0;

    cache.push_back(I);
    return I;
};

inline auto prime_sum = [](std::uint64_t S) -> std::uint64_t {
    std::uint64_t R{5};
    std::vector<std::uint64_t> cache;
    cache.reserve(S / 16);
    cache.push_back(3);

    for (std::uint64_t I{5}; I <= S; I += 8)
    {
        std::uint64_t U{I % 3};
        if (U != 0)
            R += prime(I, cache);
        if (U != 1)
            R += prime(I + 2, cache);
        if (U != 2)
            R += prime(I + 4, cache);
        R += prime(I + 6, cache);
    }
    return R;
};

int main()
{
    std::cout << prime_sum(63210123);
}