这相当于Adam Rosenfield的解决方案，但对一些读者来说可能更清楚一些。它假设rand5()是一个函数，返回1到5范围内的统计随机整数。

int rand7()
{
    int vals[5][5] = {
        { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
        { 6, 7, 1, 2, 3 },
        { 4, 5, 6, 7, 1 },
        { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 },
        { 7, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
    };

    int result = 0;
    while (result == 0)
    {
        int i = rand5();
        int j = rand5();
        result = vals[i-1][j-1];
    }
    return result;
}

How does it work? Think of it like this: imagine printing out this double-dimension array on paper, tacking it up to a dart board and randomly throwing darts at it. If you hit a non-zero value, it's a statistically random value between 1 and 7, since there are an equal number of non-zero values to choose from. If you hit a zero, just keep throwing the dart until you hit a non-zero. That's what this code is doing: the i and j indexes randomly select a location on the dart board, and if we don't get a good result, we keep throwing darts.

就像亚当说的，在最坏的情况下，它可以一直运行下去，但从统计上看，最坏的情况永远不会发生。：）

就是这样，均匀分布，零rand5调用。

def rand7:
    seed += 1
    if seed >= 7:
        seed = 0
    yield seed

需要事先播种。

function rand7() {
    while (true) { //lowest base 5 random number > 7 reduces memory
        int num = (rand5()-1)*5 + rand5()-1;
    if (num < 21)  // improves performance
        return 1 + num%7;
    }
}

Python代码:

from random import randint
def rand7():
    while(True):
        num = (randint(1, 5)-1)*5 + randint(1, 5)-1
        if num < 21:
                return 1 + num%7

100000次运行的测试分布:

>>> rnums = []
>>> for _ in range(100000):
    rnums.append(rand7())
>>> {n:rnums.count(n) for n in set(rnums)}
{1: 15648, 2: 15741, 3: 15681, 4: 15847, 5: 15642, 6: 15806, 7: 15635}

我想到了一个解决这个问题的有趣方法，想和大家分享一下。

function rand7() {

    var returnVal = 4;

    for (var n=0; n<3; n++) {
        var rand = rand5();

        if (rand==1||rand==2){
            returnVal+=1;
        }
        else if (rand==3||rand==4) {
            returnVal-=1;
        }
    }

    return returnVal;
}

我构建了一个测试函数，循环rand7() 10,000次，将所有返回值相加，然后除以10,000。如果rand7()工作正常，我们计算的平均值应该是4 -例如，(1+2+3+4+5+6+7 / 7)= 4。在做了多次测试后，平均值确实是4:)

rand25() =5*(rand5()-1) + rand5()

rand7() { 
   while(true) {
       int r = rand25();
       if (r < 21) return r%3;         
   }
}

为什么这样做:循环永远运行的概率是0。

假设rand给予所有位相同的权重，然后用上界进行掩码。

int i = rand(5) ^ (rand(5) & 2);

Rand(5)只能返回:1b, 10b, 11b, 100b, 101b。有时候你只需要考虑设置2位。