私有成员只能在定义它们的类中访问。

可在定义受保护成员的类中以及从该类继承的类中访问受保护成员。

编辑:两者都可以被其类的友元访问，如果是受保护成员，则可以被其派生类的友元访问。

编辑2:使用任何在你的问题上下文中有意义的东西。您应该尽可能地将成员设为private，以减少耦合并保护基类的实现，但如果不可能，则使用受保护的成员。查看c++常见问题以更好地理解这个问题。这个关于受保护变量的问题可能也有帮助。

这完全取决于您想要做什么，以及您希望派生类能够看到什么。

class A
{
private:
    int _privInt = 0;
    int privFunc(){return 0;}
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 0;}
protected:
    int _protInt = 0;
    int protFunc(){return 0;}
public:
    int _publInt = 0;
    int publFunc()
    {
         return privVirtFunc();
    }
};

class B : public A
{
private:
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 1;}
public:
    void func()
    {
        _privInt = 1; // wont work
        _protInt = 1; // will work
        _publInt = 1; // will work
        privFunc(); // wont work
        privVirtFunc(); // will work, simply calls the derived version.
        protFunc(); // will work
        publFunc(); // will return 1 since it's overridden in this class
    }
}

私有成员只能在声明它的类中访问，而受保护成员可以在声明它的类中与它继承的类一起访问。

受保护的非静态基类成员可以被派生自该基类的任何类的成员和友元访问，方法是使用以下方法之一:

指向直接或间接派生类的指针 对直接或间接派生类的引用 直接或间接派生类的对象

Private: It is an access specifier. By default the instance (member) variables or the methods of a class in c++/java are private. During inheritance, the code and the data are always inherited but is not accessible outside the class. We can declare our data members as private so that no one can make direct changes to our member variables and we can provide public getters and setters in order to change our private members. And this concept is always applied in the business rule. Protected: It is also an access specifier. In C++, the protected members are accessible within the class and to the inherited class but not outside the class. In Java, the protected members are accessible within the class, to the inherited class as well as to all the classes within the same package.

私有访问修饰符和受保护访问修饰符是相同的，只是基类的受保护成员可以在子(派生)类的基类范围之外被访问。 它也同样适用于继承。 但是使用私有修饰符，基类的成员只能在基类的作用域或代码中访问，它的友函数只能是''''