Private: It is an access specifier. By default the instance (member) variables or the methods of a class in c++/java are private. During inheritance, the code and the data are always inherited but is not accessible outside the class. We can declare our data members as private so that no one can make direct changes to our member variables and we can provide public getters and setters in order to change our private members. And this concept is always applied in the business rule. Protected: It is also an access specifier. In C++, the protected members are accessible within the class and to the inherited class but not outside the class. In Java, the protected members are accessible within the class, to the inherited class as well as to all the classes within the same package.

Private =只能由母类(基类)访问 (只有我父母才能进我父母的卧室)

Protected =母类(基类)和她的子类可以访问 (只有父母可以进父母的卧室，但允许儿子/女儿进父母的卧室)

Public =母类(基类)、子类和其他所有人都可以访问 (只有我父母才能进我父母的卧室，但那是家庭聚会——我的家是我的家)

这完全取决于您想要做什么，以及您希望派生类能够看到什么。

class A
{
private:
    int _privInt = 0;
    int privFunc(){return 0;}
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 0;}
protected:
    int _protInt = 0;
    int protFunc(){return 0;}
public:
    int _publInt = 0;
    int publFunc()
    {
         return privVirtFunc();
    }
};

class B : public A
{
private:
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 1;}
public:
    void func()
    {
        _privInt = 1; // wont work
        _protInt = 1; // will work
        _publInt = 1; // will work
        privFunc(); // wont work
        privVirtFunc(); // will work, simply calls the derived version.
        protFunc(); // will work
        publFunc(); // will return 1 since it's overridden in this class
    }
}

与私有属性和方法不同，标记为受保护的属性和方法在子类中仍然可见。

除非您不想在可能的子类中使用或提供重写该方法的可能性，否则我会将它们设为private。

当然，看看受保护的成员变量问题。建议使用private作为默认值(就像c++类一样)来减少耦合。受保护的成员变量总是一个坏主意，受保护的成员函数可以用于例如模板方法模式。

受保护的非静态基类成员可以被派生自该基类的任何类的成员和友元访问，方法是使用以下方法之一:

指向直接或间接派生类的指针 对直接或间接派生类的引用 直接或间接派生类的对象