The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier (public or private) or the end of the class definition. Class members declared as protected can be used only by the following: Member functions of the class that originally declared these members. Friends of the class that originally declared these members. Classes derived with public or protected access from the class that originally declared these members. Direct privately derived classes that also have private access to protected members. When preceding the name of a base class, the protected keyword specifies that the public and protected members of the base class are protected members of its derived classes. Protected members are not as private as private members, which are accessible only to members of the class in which they are declared, but they are not as public as public members, which are accessible in any function. Protected members that are also declared as static are accessible to any friend or member function of a derived class. Protected members that are not declared as static are accessible to friends and member functions in a derived class only through a pointer to, reference to, or object of the derived class.

保护(c++)

私有成员只能从类内部访问，受保护成员可以在类和派生类中访问。这是面向对象语言中继承的一个特性。

在c++中可以有私有、受保护和公共继承，这将决定哪些派生类可以在继承层次结构中访问。例如，c#只有公共继承。

受保护的成员只能由类的后代和同一模块中的代码访问。私有成员只能被声明它们的类以及同一模块中的代码访问。

当然，朋友函数把这个扔出窗外，但是。

当然，看看受保护的成员变量问题。建议使用private作为默认值(就像c++类一样)来减少耦合。受保护的成员变量总是一个坏主意，受保护的成员函数可以用于例如模板方法模式。

a类的公共成员对所有人都是开放的。

类a的受保护成员不能在a的代码之外访问，但可以从派生自a的任何类的代码访问。

类a的私有成员不能在a的代码之外或从a派生的任何类的代码中访问。

因此，最终，在受保护还是私有之间做出选择是为了回答以下问题:您愿意对派生类的程序员给予多少信任?

默认情况下，假定派生类不可信，并将成员设为private。如果你有一个很好的理由让它的派生类可以自由访问母类的内部内容，那么你可以让它们受到保护。

这完全取决于您想要做什么，以及您希望派生类能够看到什么。

class A
{
private:
    int _privInt = 0;
    int privFunc(){return 0;}
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 0;}
protected:
    int _protInt = 0;
    int protFunc(){return 0;}
public:
    int _publInt = 0;
    int publFunc()
    {
         return privVirtFunc();
    }
};

class B : public A
{
private:
    virtual int privVirtFunc(){return 1;}
public:
    void func()
    {
        _privInt = 1; // wont work
        _protInt = 1; // will work
        _publInt = 1; // will work
        privFunc(); // wont work
        privVirtFunc(); // will work, simply calls the derived version.
        protFunc(); // will work
        publFunc(); // will return 1 since it's overridden in this class
    }
}