如何检查一个元素是否在集合中?
是否有与以下代码更简单的等效代码:
myset.find(x) != myset.end()
如何检查一个元素是否在集合中?
是否有与以下代码更简单的等效代码:
myset.find(x) != myset.end()
检查许多STL容器是否存在的典型方法,如std::map, std::set,…是:
const bool is_in = container.find(element) != container.end();
写你自己的:
template<class T>
bool checkElementIsInSet(const T& elem, const std::set<T>& container)
{
return container.find(elem) != container.end();
}
另一种简单地判断元素是否存在的方法是检查count()
if (myset.count(x)) {
// x is in the set, count is 1
} else {
// count zero, i.e. x not in the set
}
然而,大多数时候,我发现自己需要访问元素,无论我在哪里检查它的存在。
所以我还是要找到迭代器。当然,最好也把它和end进行比较。
set< X >::iterator it = myset.find(x);
if (it != myset.end()) {
// do something with *it
}
C + + 20
在c++ 20中,set获得一个contains函数,因此如下所述成为可能:https://stackoverflow.com/a/54197839/895245
if (myset.contains(x)) {
// x is in the set
} else {
// no x
}
Just to clarify, the reason why there is no member like contains() in these container types is because it would open you up to writing inefficient code. Such a method would probably just do a this->find(key) != this->end() internally, but consider what you do when the key is indeed present; in most cases you'll then want to get the element and do something with it. This means you'd have to do a second find(), which is inefficient. It's better to use find directly, so you can cache your result, like so:
auto it = myContainer.find(key);
if (it != myContainer.end())
{
// Do something with it, no more lookup needed.
}
else
{
// Key was not present.
}
当然,如果你不关心效率,你总是可以自己滚动,但在这种情况下,你可能不应该使用c++…;)
如果你要添加一个contains函数,它可能看起来像这样:
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
template<class TInputIterator, class T> inline
bool contains(TInputIterator first, TInputIterator last, const T& value)
{
return std::find(first, last, value) != last;
}
template<class TContainer, class T> inline
bool contains(const TContainer& container, const T& value)
{
// This works with more containers but requires std::begin and std::end
// from C++0x, which you can get either:
// 1. By using a C++0x compiler or
// 2. Including the utility functions below.
return contains(std::begin(container), std::end(container), value);
// This works pre-C++0x (and without the utility functions below, but doesn't
// work for fixed-length arrays.
//return contains(container.begin(), container.end(), value);
}
template<class T> inline
bool contains(const std::set<T>& container, const T& value)
{
return container.find(value) != container.end();
}
这适用于std::set,其他STL容器,甚至固定长度的数组:
void test()
{
std::set<int> set;
set.insert(1);
set.insert(4);
assert(!contains(set, 3));
int set2[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
assert(contains(set2, 3));
}
编辑:
正如评论中指出的,我无意中使用了c++ 0x的新函数(std::begin和std::end)。下面是VS2010中近乎琐碎的实现:
namespace std {
template<class _Container> inline
typename _Container::iterator begin(_Container& _Cont)
{ // get beginning of sequence
return (_Cont.begin());
}
template<class _Container> inline
typename _Container::const_iterator begin(const _Container& _Cont)
{ // get beginning of sequence
return (_Cont.begin());
}
template<class _Container> inline
typename _Container::iterator end(_Container& _Cont)
{ // get end of sequence
return (_Cont.end());
}
template<class _Container> inline
typename _Container::const_iterator end(const _Container& _Cont)
{ // get end of sequence
return (_Cont.end());
}
template<class _Ty,
size_t _Size> inline
_Ty *begin(_Ty (&_Array)[_Size])
{ // get beginning of array
return (&_Array[0]);
}
template<class _Ty,
size_t _Size> inline
_Ty *end(_Ty (&_Array)[_Size])
{ // get end of array
return (&_Array[0] + _Size);
}
}
我能够为std::list和std::vector编写一个通用的包含函数,
template<typename T>
bool contains( const list<T>& container, const T& elt )
{
return find( container.begin(), container.end(), elt ) != container.end() ;
}
template<typename T>
bool contains( const vector<T>& container, const T& elt )
{
return find( container.begin(), container.end(), elt ) != container.end() ;
}
// use:
if( contains( yourList, itemInList ) ) // then do something
这样可以稍微清理一下语法。
但是我不能使用模板模板参数魔术使此工作任意stl容器。
// NOT WORKING:
template<template<class> class STLContainer, class T>
bool contains( STLContainer<T> container, T elt )
{
return find( container.begin(), container.end(), elt ) != container.end() ;
}
任何关于改进上一个答案的评论都是很好的。
您还可以在插入元素时检查元素是否在set中。 单元素版本返回一个pair,其成员pair::first set指向一个迭代器,该迭代器要么指向新插入的元素,要么指向集合中已经存在的等效元素。如果插入了新元素,pair中的第二个元素将被设置为true,如果已经存在等效元素则为false。
例如:假设集合中已经有20作为元素。
std::set<int> myset;
std::set<int>::iterator it;
std::pair<std::set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;
ret=myset.insert(20);
if(ret.second==false)
{
//do nothing
}
else
{
//do something
}
it=ret.first //points to element 20 already in set.
如果元素是新插入的,则than pair::first将指向新元素在set中的位置。
/ /通用语法
set<int>::iterator ii = find(set1.begin(),set1.end(),"element to be searched");
/*在下面的代码中,我试图找到元素4和int集,如果它存在与否*/
set<int>::iterator ii = find(set1.begin(),set1.end(),4);
if(ii!=set1.end())
{
cout<<"element found";
set1.erase(ii);// in case you want to erase that element from set.
}
我使用
if(!my_set.count(that_element)) //Element is present...
;
但它的效率不如
if(my_set.find(that_element)!=my_set.end()) ....;
我的版本只是节省了我写代码的时间。对于竞争性编码,我更喜欢这种方式。
在c++ 20中,我们最终得到std::set::contains方法。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
int main()
{
std::set<std::string> example = {"Do", "not", "panic", "!!!"};
if(example.contains("panic")) {
std::cout << "Found\n";
} else {
std::cout << "Not found\n";
}
}
从c++ 20开始,就有了bool std::contains(const K&) https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/set/contains
就是这个,一英里。
bool once(uintptr_t val) {
return visited.emplace(val).second;
}
怎么会不是这样呢?
https://godbolt.org/z/9zP77jqMc
func5(unsigned long):
sub rsp, 24
mov QWORD PTR [rsp+8], rdi
lea rsi, [rsp+8]
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:visited2
call std::pair<std::_Rb_tree_iterator<unsigned long>, bool> std::_Rb_tree<unsigned long, unsigned long, std::_Identity<unsigned long>, std::less<unsigned long>, std::allocator<unsigned long> >::_M_emplace_unique<unsigned long&>(unsigned long&)
add rsp, 24
mov eax, edx
ret