您还可以在插入元素时检查元素是否在set中。 单元素版本返回一个pair，其成员pair::first set指向一个迭代器，该迭代器要么指向新插入的元素，要么指向集合中已经存在的等效元素。如果插入了新元素，pair中的第二个元素将被设置为true，如果已经存在等效元素则为false。

例如:假设集合中已经有20作为元素。

 std::set<int> myset;
 std::set<int>::iterator it;
 std::pair<std::set<int>::iterator,bool> ret;

 ret=myset.insert(20);
 if(ret.second==false)
 {
     //do nothing

 }
 else
 {
    //do something
 }

 it=ret.first //points to element 20 already in set.

如果元素是新插入的，则than pair::first将指向新元素在set中的位置。

检查许多STL容器是否存在的典型方法，如std::map, std::set，…是:

const bool is_in = container.find(element) != container.end();

Just to clarify, the reason why there is no member like contains() in these container types is because it would open you up to writing inefficient code. Such a method would probably just do a this->find(key) != this->end() internally, but consider what you do when the key is indeed present; in most cases you'll then want to get the element and do something with it. This means you'd have to do a second find(), which is inefficient. It's better to use find directly, so you can cache your result, like so:

auto it = myContainer.find(key);
if (it != myContainer.end())
{
    // Do something with it, no more lookup needed.
}
else
{
    // Key was not present.
}

当然，如果你不关心效率，你总是可以自己滚动，但在这种情况下，你可能不应该使用c++…；）

另一种简单地判断元素是否存在的方法是检查count()

if (myset.count(x)) {
   // x is in the set, count is 1
} else {
   // count zero, i.e. x not in the set
}

然而，大多数时候，我发现自己需要访问元素，无论我在哪里检查它的存在。

所以我还是要找到迭代器。当然，最好也把它和end进行比较。

set< X >::iterator it = myset.find(x);
if (it != myset.end()) {
   // do something with *it
}

C + + 20

在c++ 20中，set获得一个contains函数，因此如下所述成为可能:https://stackoverflow.com/a/54197839/895245

if (myset.contains(x)) {
  // x is in the set
} else {
  // no x 
}

在c++ 20中，我们最终得到std::set::contains方法。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>

int main()
{
    std::set<std::string> example = {"Do", "not", "panic", "!!!"};

    if(example.contains("panic")) {
        std::cout << "Found\n";
    } else {
        std::cout << "Not found\n";
    }
}

从c++ 20开始，就有了bool std::contains(const K&) https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/set/contains